උදවු:Displaying a formula සඳහා මුලාශ්‍රය නරඹන්න

{{Redirect2|WP:MATH|WP:MATHS|the WikiProject on mathematics|Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics|Wikipedia's mathematics style manual|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics|the mathematics reference desk|Wikipedia:Reference desk/Mathematics}}
{{Wikipedia how-to|WP:FORMULA|WP:MATH|WP:MATHS|WP:LATEX}}
[[MediaWiki]] renders mathematical equations using a combination of html markup and a variant of [[LaTeX]].

The version of LaTeX used is a subset of [[AMS-LaTeX]] markup, a superset of [[LaTeX]] markup which is in turn a superset of [[TeX]] markup, for mathematical formulae. Only a limited part of the full TeX language is supported; see below for details.{{efn|Although, in all cases mentioned, TeX is generated by [[compiler|compilation]], and not by an interpreter program, there is one essential difference between, e.g., [[Donald Knuth|Knuth]]'s [[TeX]] or [[Leslie Lamport|Lamport]]'s [[LaTeX]] and the present implementation: whereas in the first two cases the compiler typically generates an ''all-in-one'' printable output, which has the quality of a whole book with all chapters, sections and subsections, and where no line is "special", in the present case one has, typically, a mixture of TeX images (more precisely: PNG images) for the equations, embedded into usual text, and with short TeX elements usually replaced by HTML parts. As a consequence, in many cases TeX-elements, e.g. vector symbols, "stick out" below (or above) the text line. This "sticking out" is ''not''&nbsp; the case in the above-mentioned original products, and the HTML-substitutes for small TeX additions to the text are often insufficient in quality for many readers. In spite of these shortcomings, the present product characterized by "many embedded PNG-images" should be preferred for small texts, where the equations do not dominate.}}

By default SVG images with non-visible MathML are generated. The older [[Portable Network Graphics|PNG]] images can be set via [[Help:Preferences|user preferences]].{{efn|This can cause difficulty with setting the baseline as vertical alignment with the surrounding text can also be a problem (see [[bugzilla:32694|bug 32694]])}} On some browsers like [[Firefox]], it is possible to use MathML for display via [https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/native-mathml extensions]; see the main extension page at [[Mw:Extension:Math|mw:Extension:Math]] for details. Client side [[MathJax]] is no longer supported.

==Basics==

Math markup goes inside {{tag|math}}. Chemistry markup goes inside <code><nowiki><math chem>...</math></nowiki></code> or {{tag|chem}}. All these tags use TeX.

The TeX code has to be put literally: MediaWiki templates, predefined templates, and parameters cannot be used within math tags: pairs of double braces are ignored and "#" gives an error message. However, math tags work in the then and else part of #if, etc. See {{tim|Demo of attempt to use parameters within TeX}} for more information.

The now deprecated tag <code><nowiki><ce></nowiki></code> was considered too ambiguous, and it has been replaced by <code><nowiki><chem></nowiki></code>.<ref>{{cite web |title=Consider a longer, less ambiguous name for <ce> |date=December 18, 2016 |author=Ed Sanders |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]] |url=https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T153606 |accessdate=April 24, 2017}}</ref>  A script will be used to replace all <code><nowiki><ce></nowiki></code> with <code><nowiki><chem></nowiki></code>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Replace all usages of <ce> with <chem> on wiki |date=January 11, 2017 |author=Ed Sanders |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]] |url=https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155125 |accessdate=April 24, 2017}}</ref>
===LaTeX commands===

LaTeX commands are case-sensitive, and take one of the following two formats:

*They start with a backslash \ and then have a name consisting of letters only. Command names are terminated by a space, a number or any other "non-letter".
*They consist of a backslash \ and exactly one non-letter.

Some commands need an argument, which has to be given between curly braces { } after the command name. Some commands support optional parameters, which are added after the command name in square brackets []. The general syntax is:

 \commandname[option1,option2,...]{argument1}{argument2}...

===Special characters===

The following symbols are reserved characters that either have a special meaning under LaTeX or are unavailable in all the fonts. If you enter them directly in your text, they will normally not render, but rather do things you did not intend.

 # $ % ^ & _ { } ~ \

These characters can be entered by adding a prefix backslash or using special sequences:

 \# \$ \% ^\wedge \& \_ \{ \} \sim \backslash

yielding
:<math> \# \$ \% ^\wedge \& \_ \{ \} \sim \backslash</math>.

The backslash character \ can ''not'' be entered by adding another backslash in front of it (\\); this sequence is used for line breaking. For introducing a backslash in math mode, you can use <code>\backslash</code> instead which gives <math>\backslash</math>.

The command <code>\tilde</code> produces a tilde which is placed over the next letter. For example, <code>\tilde{a}</code> gives <math>\tilde{a}</math>. To produce just a tilde character ~, use <code>\tilde{}</code> which gives <math>\tilde{}</math>, placing a ~ over an empty box. Alternatively </code>\sim</code> produces <math>\sim</math>, a large centred ~ which may be more appropriate in some situations.

The command <code>\hat</code> produces a hat over the next character, for example <code>\hat{o}</code> produces <math>\hat{o}</math>. For a stretchable version use <code>\widehat{abc}</code> giving <math>\widehat{abc}</math>. The wedge <code>\wedge</code> is normally used as a mathematical operator <math>\wedge</math> the sequence <code>^\wedge</code> produces <math>^\wedge</math> the best equivalent to the ASCII caret ^ character.

===Spaces===

"Whitespace" characters, such as blank or tab, are treated uniformly as "space" by LaTeX. Several consecutive whitespace characters are treated as one "space". See [[#Spacing|below]] for commands that produces spaces of different size.

===LaTeX environments===

''Environments'' in LaTeX have a role that is quite similar to commands, but they usually have effect on a wider part of formula. Their syntax is:
<source lang="latex">
 \begin{environmentname}
   text to be influenced
 \end{environmentname}
</source>
Environments supported by Wikipedia include ''matrix'', ''align'', etc. See [[#Fractions, matrices, multilines|below]].

===Rendering===

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:1em 0 1em 1em;"
| <math>e^{i \pi} + 1 = 0</math>
| style="background-color:olive;" | <math>e^{i \pi} + 1 = 0</math>
| style="background-color:olive;" | <math>e^{i \pi} + 1 = 0</math>
|}

The colors, as well as font sizes and types, are independent of browser settings or CSS. Font sizes and types will often deviate from what HTML renders. Vertical alignment with the surrounding text can also be a problem; a work-around is described in the [[Help:Displaying_a_formula#Alignment with normal text flow|"Alignment with normal text flow"]] section below. The [[Help:User style#CSS selectors|css selector]] of the images is <source lang="latex" enclose="none">img.tex</source>.

The [[WP:ALT|alt text]] of the PNG images, which is displayed to visually impaired and other readers who cannot see the images, and is also used when the text is selected and copied, defaults to the wikitext that produced the image, excluding the <code><nowiki><math></nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki></math></nowiki></code>. You can override this by explicitly specifying an <source lang="latex" enclose="none">alt</source> attribute for the <source lang="latex" enclose="none">math</source> element. For example, <source lang="latex" enclose="none"><math alt="Square root of pi">\sqrt{\pi}</math></source> generates an image <math alt="square root of pi">\sqrt{\pi}</math> whose alt text is "Square root of pi". This should not be confused with the ''title'' attribute that produces popup text when the hovering over the PNG image, for example <source lang="latex" enclose="none"><math title="pi">\pi</math></source> generates an image <math title="pi">\pi</math> whose popup text is "pi".

Apart from function and operator names, as is customary in mathematics, variables and letters are in italics; digits are not. For other text, (like variable labels) to avoid being rendered in italics like variables, use <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\text</source> or <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathrm</source>. You can also define new function names using <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\operatorname{...}</source>. For example, <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\text{abc}</source> gives <math>\text{abc}</math>. <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\operatorname{...}</source> provides spacing before and after the operator name when appropriate, as when <source lang="latex" enclose="none">a\operatorname{sn}b</source> is rendered as <math>a\operatorname{sn}b</math> (with space to the left and right of "sn") and <source lang="latex" enclose="none">a\operatorname{sn}(b+c)</source> as <math>a\operatorname{sn}(b+c)</math> (with space to the left and not to the right).  LaTeX's starred version, <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\operatorname*</source> is not supported, but a workaround is to add <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\limits</source> instead.  For example, <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\operatorname{sn}_{b>c}(b+c) \qquad \operatorname{sn}\limits_{b>c}(b+c)</source> renders as
:<math>\operatorname{sn}_{b>c}(b+c) \qquad \operatorname{sn}\limits_{b>c}(b+c)</math>.

Latex does not have full support for Unicode characters, and not all characters render. Most Latin characters with accents render correctly. However some do not, in particular those that include multiple diacritics (e.g. with Latin letters used in Vietnamese) or that cannot be precomposed into a single character (such as the uppercase Latin letter W with ring), or that use other diacritics (like the ogonek or the double grave accent, used in Central European languages like Polish, or the horn attached above some vowels in Vietnamese), or other modified letter forms (used in IPA notations, or African languages, or in medieval texts), some digram ligatures (like Ĳ in Dutch), or Latin letters borrowed from Greek, or small capitals, as well as superscripts and subscript letters. For example, <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\text{ð}</source> and <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\text{þ}</source> (used in Icelandic) will give errors.

The normal way of entering quotation marks in text mode (two back ticks for the left and two apostrophes for the right), such as <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\text{a ``quoted'' word}</source> will not work correctly.  As a workaround, you can use the Unicode left and right quotation mark characters, which are available from the "Symbols" dropdown panel beneath the editor: <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\text{a “quoted” word}</source>.

====Force-rerendering of formulas====
MediaWiki stores rendered formulas in a [[web cache|cache]] so that the images of those formulas do not need to be created each time the page is opened by a user. To force the rerendering of all formulas of a page, you must open it with the getter variables <code>action=purge&mathpurge=true</code>. Imagine for example there is a wrong rendered formula in the article [[Integral]]. To force the re-rendering of this formula you need to open the URL https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integral&action=purge&mathpurge=true . Afterwards you need to [[WP:Bypass your cache|bypass your browser cache]] so that the new created images of the formulas are actually downloaded. See also [[mw:Extension:Math#Purging pages that contain equations]] for more details.

==TeX vs HTML==
{{See also|Wikipedia:Rendering math}}
TeX markup is not the only way to produce special characters. As this comparison table shows, sometimes similar results can be achieved in HTML using [[Template:Math]]. See also [[Help:Special characters]].

{| class="wikitable" border=1 <!--set cell borders for MSIE browsers-->
|-
! TeX syntax
! TeX rendering
! HTML syntax
! HTML rendering
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\alpha</source>
| <math>\alpha</math>
| <source lang="html5" enclose="none">{{math|''&alpha;''}}</source>
| {{math|''&alpha;''}}
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">f(x) = x^2</source>
| <math> f(x) = x^2</math>
| <source lang="html5" enclose="none">{{math|''f''(''x'') {{=}} ''x''<sup>2</sup>}}</source>
| {{math|''f''(''x'') {{=}} ''x''<sup>2</sup>}}
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\sqrt{2}</source>
| <math>\sqrt{2}</math>
| <source lang="html5" enclose="none">{{math|{{radical|2}}}}</source>
| {{math|{{radical|2}}}}
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\sqrt{1-e^2}</source>
| <math>\sqrt{1-e^2}</math>
| <source lang="html5" enclose="none">{{math|{{radical|1 &minus; ''e''<sup>2</sup>}}}}</source>
| {{math|{{radical|1 &minus; ''e''<sup>2</sup>}}}}
|}

The codes on the left produce the symbols on the right, but the latter can also be put directly in the wikitext, except for ‘=’.

{| class="wikitable" border=1 <!--set border for MSIE browsers-->
|-
! HTML syntax
! Rendering
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
|
<pre>&amp;alpha; &amp;beta; &amp;gamma; &amp;delta; &amp;epsilon; &amp;zeta;
&amp;eta; &amp;theta; &amp;iota; &amp;kappa; &amp;lambda; &amp;mu; &amp;nu;
&amp;xi; &amp;omicron; &amp;pi; &amp;rho; &amp;sigma; &amp;sigmaf;
&amp;tau; &amp;upsilon; &amp;phi; &amp;chi; &amp;psi; &amp;omega;</pre>
|
α β γ δ ε ζ<br>
η θ ι κ λ μ ν<br>
ξ ο π ρ σ ς<br>
τ υ φ χ ψ ω<br>
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
|
<pre>&amp;Gamma; &amp;Delta; &amp;Theta; &amp;Lambda; &amp;Xi; &amp;Pi;
&amp;Sigma; &amp;Phi; &amp;Psi; &amp;Omega;</pre>
|
Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π<br>
Σ Φ Ψ Ω
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
| <pre>&amp;int; &amp;sum; &amp;prod; &amp;radic; &amp;minus; &amp;plusmn; &amp;infin;
&amp;asymp; &amp;prop; = &amp;equiv; &amp;ne; &amp;le; &amp;ge;
&amp;times; &amp;middot; &amp;sdot; &amp;divide; &amp;part; &amp;prime; &amp;Prime;
&amp;nabla; &amp;permil; &amp;deg; &amp;there4; &amp;empty;</pre>
|
∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞<br/>
≈ ∝ = ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥<br/>
× · ⋅ ÷ ∂ ′ ″<br/>
∇ ‰ ° ∴ ∅
|- style="vertical-align:middle;"
| <pre>&amp;isin; &amp;notin; &amp;cap; &amp;cup; &amp;sub; &amp;sup; &amp;sube; &amp;supe;
&amp;not; &amp;and; &amp;or; &amp;exist; &amp;forall;
&amp;rArr; &amp;hArr; &amp;rarr; &amp;harr; &amp;uarr; &amp;darr;
&amp;alefsym; - &amp;ndash; &amp;mdash;</pre>
|
∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇<br>
¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀<br/>
⇒ ⇔ → ↔ ↑ ↓<br/>
ℵ - – —
|}

The project has not reached a consensus on HTML and TeX because each has advantages in some situations.

===Native MathML===

The default MathML/SVG renderer option, selectable through [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|My Preferences - Appearance - Math]], generates hidden MathML code. This code can be used by screen readers and other assistive technology. To actually display the [[MathML]] in Firefox you can install the [https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/native-mathml/ Native MathML] extension, or simply copy [https://github.com/fred-wang/webextension-native-mathml/blob/master/content-scripts/mediawiki.css its CSS rules] to your Wikipedia [[Help:User style|user stylesheet]]. In either case, you must have [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/MathML_Project/Fonts fonts that support MathML] installed on your system. For copy-paste support also install [https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/mathml-copy/ MathML Copy]. Details on using MathML in other systems can be found at [[Mw:Extension:Math|mw:Extension:Math]].

==Formatting using TeX==

===Functions, symbols, special characters===
<!-- Eight symbols per line seems to be optimal -->

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|

====Accents and diacritics====
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\dot{a}, \ddot{a}, \acute{a}, \grave{a}</source>
| <math>\dot{a}, \ddot{a}, \acute{a}, \grave{a}</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\check{a}, \breve{a}, \tilde{a}, \bar{a}</source>
| <math>\check{a}, \breve{a}, \tilde{a}, \bar{a}</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\hat{a}, \widehat{a}, \vec{a}</source>
| <math>\hat{a}, \widehat{a}, \vec{a}</math>
|-
!colspan="2"|

====Standard numerical functions====
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\exp_a b = a^b, \exp b = e^b, 10^m</source>
| <math>\exp_a b = a^b, \exp b = e^b, 10^m</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\ln c, \lg d = \log e, \log_{10} f</source>
| <math>\ln c, \lg d = \log e, \log_{10} f</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\sin a, \cos b, \tan c, \cot d, \sec e, \csc f</source>
| <math>\sin a, \cos b, \tan c, \cot d, \sec e, \csc f</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\arcsin h, \arccos i, \arctan j</source>
| <math>\arcsin h, \arccos i, \arctan j</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\sinh k, \cosh l, \tanh m, \coth n</source>
| <math>\sinh k, \cosh l, \tanh m, \coth n</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\operatorname{sh}k, \operatorname{ch}l, \operatorname{th}m, \operatorname{coth}n</source>
| <math>\operatorname{sh}k, \operatorname{ch}l, \operatorname{th}m, \operatorname{coth}n</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\operatorname{argsh}o, \operatorname{argch}p, \operatorname{argth}q</source>
| <math>\operatorname{argsh}o, \operatorname{argch}p, \operatorname{argth}q</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\sgn r, \left\vert s \right\vert</source>
| <math>\sgn r, \left\vert s \right\vert</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\min(x,y), \max(x,y)</source>
| <math>\min(x,y), \max(x,y)</math>
|-
!colspan="2"|

====Bounds====
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\min x, \max y, \inf s, \sup t</source>
| <math>\min x, \max y, \inf s, \sup t</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\lim u, \liminf v, \limsup w</source>
| <math>\lim u, \liminf v, \limsup w</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\dim p, \deg q, \det m, \ker\phi</source>
| <math>\dim p, \deg q, \det m, \ker\phi</math>
|-
!colspan="2"|

====Projections====
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\Pr j, \hom l, \lVert z \rVert, \arg z</source>
| <math>\Pr j, \hom l, \lVert z \rVert, \arg z</math>
|-
!colspan="2"|

====Differentials and derivatives====
|-
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">dt, \mathrm{d}t, \partial t, \nabla\psi</source>
| <math>dt, \mathrm{d}t, \partial t, \nabla\psi</math>
|-
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">dy/dx, \mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}x, \frac{dy}{dx}, \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}, \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_1\partial x_2}y</source>
| <math>dy/dx, \mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}x, \frac{dy}{dx}, \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}, \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_1\partial x_2}y</math>
|-
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\prime, \backprime, f^\prime, f', f'', f^{(3)}, \dot y, \ddot y</source>
| <math>\prime, \backprime, f^\prime, f', f'', f^{(3)} \!, \dot y, \ddot y</math>
|-
!colspan="2"|

====Letter-like symbols or constants====
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\infty, \aleph, \complement, \backepsilon, \eth, \Finv, \hbar</source>
| <math>\infty, \aleph, \complement, \backepsilon, \eth, \Finv, \hbar</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\Im, \imath, \jmath, \Bbbk, \ell, \mho, \wp, \Re, \circledS, \S, \P, \AA</source>
| <math>\Im, \imath, \jmath, \Bbbk, \ell, \mho, \wp, \Re, \circledS, \S, \P, \AA</math>
|-
!colspan="2"|

====Modular arithmetic====
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}</source>
| <math>s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">a \bmod b</source>
| <math>a \bmod b</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\gcd(m, n), \operatorname{lcm}(m, n)</source>
| <math>\gcd(m, n), \operatorname{lcm}(m, n)</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\mid, \nmid, \shortmid, \nshortmid</source>
| <math>\mid, \nmid, \shortmid, \nshortmid</math>
|-
!colspan="2"|

====Radicals====
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\surd, \sqrt{2}, \sqrt[n]{}, \sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3+y^3}{2}}</source>
| <math>\surd, \sqrt{2}, \sqrt[n]{}, \sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3+y^3}{2}}</math>
|-
!colspan="2"|

====Operators====
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">+, -, \pm, \mp, \dotplus</source>
| <math>+, -, \pm, \mp, \dotplus</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\times, \div, \divideontimes, /, \backslash</source>
| <math>\times, \div, \divideontimes, /, \backslash</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\cdot, * \ast, \star, \circ, \bullet</source>
| <math>\cdot, * \ast, \star, \circ, \bullet</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\boxplus, \boxminus, \boxtimes, \boxdot</source>
| <math>\boxplus, \boxminus, \boxtimes, \boxdot</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\oplus, \ominus, \otimes, \oslash, \odot</source>
| <math>\oplus, \ominus, \otimes, \oslash, \odot</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\circleddash, \circledcirc, \circledast</source>
| <math>\circleddash, \circledcirc, \circledast</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\bigoplus, \bigotimes, \bigodot</source>
| <math>\bigoplus, \bigotimes, \bigodot</math>
|-
!colspan="2"|

====Sets====
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\{ \}, \O \empty \emptyset, \varnothing</source>
| <math>\{ \}, \O \empty \emptyset, \varnothing</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\in, \notin \not\in, \ni, \not\ni</source>
| <math>\in, \notin \not\in, \ni, \not\ni</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\cap, \Cap, \sqcap, \bigcap</source>
| <math>\cap, \Cap, \sqcap, \bigcap</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\cup, \Cup, \sqcup, \bigcup, \bigsqcup, \uplus, \biguplus</source>
| <math>\cup, \Cup, \sqcup, \bigcup, \bigsqcup, \uplus, \biguplus</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\setminus, \smallsetminus, \times</source>
| <math>\setminus, \smallsetminus, \times</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\subset, \Subset, \sqsubset</source>
| <math>\subset, \Subset, \sqsubset</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\supset, \Supset, \sqsupset</source>
| <math>\supset, \Supset, \sqsupset</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\subseteq, \nsubseteq, \subsetneq, \varsubsetneq, \sqsubseteq</source>
| <math>\subseteq, \nsubseteq, \subsetneq, \varsubsetneq, \sqsubseteq</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\supseteq, \nsupseteq, \supsetneq, \varsupsetneq, \sqsupseteq</source>
| <math>\supseteq, \nsupseteq, \supsetneq, \varsupsetneq, \sqsupseteq</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\subseteqq, \nsubseteqq, \subsetneqq, \varsubsetneqq</source>
| <math>\subseteqq, \nsubseteqq, \subsetneqq, \varsubsetneqq</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\supseteqq, \nsupseteqq, \supsetneqq, \varsupsetneqq</source>
| <math>\supseteqq, \nsupseteqq, \supsetneqq, \varsupsetneqq</math>
|-
!colspan="2"|

====Relations====
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">=, \ne, \neq, \equiv, \not\equiv</source>
| <math>=, \ne, \neq, \equiv, \not\equiv</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\doteq, \doteqdot,</source> <source lang="text" enclose="none">\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=},</source> <source lang="text" enclose="none">:=</source>
| <math>\doteq, \doteqdot, \overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}, :=</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\sim, \nsim, \backsim, \thicksim, \simeq, \backsimeq, \eqsim, \cong, \ncong</source>
| <math>\sim, \nsim, \backsim, \thicksim, \simeq, \backsimeq, \eqsim, \cong, \ncong</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\approx, \thickapprox, \approxeq, \asymp, \propto, \varpropto</source>
| <math>\approx, \thickapprox, \approxeq, \asymp, \propto, \varpropto</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none"><, \nless, \ll, \not\ll, \lll, \not\lll, \lessdot</source>
| <math><, \nless, \ll, \not\ll, \lll, \not\lll, \lessdot</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">>, \ngtr, \gg, \not\gg, \ggg, \not\ggg, \gtrdot</source>
| <math>>, \ngtr, \gg, \not\gg, \ggg, \not\ggg, \gtrdot</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\le, \leq, \lneq, \leqq, \nleq, \nleqq, \lneqq, \lvertneqq</source>
| <math>\le, \leq, \lneq, \leqq, \nleq, \nleqq, \lneqq, \lvertneqq</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\ge, \geq, \gneq, \geqq, \ngeq, \ngeqq, \gneqq, \gvertneqq</source>
| <math>\ge, \geq, \gneq, \geqq, \ngeq, \ngeqq, \gneqq, \gvertneqq</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\lessgtr, \lesseqgtr, \lesseqqgtr, \gtrless, \gtreqless, \gtreqqless</source>
| <math>\lessgtr, \lesseqgtr, \lesseqqgtr, \gtrless, \gtreqless, \gtreqqless</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\leqslant, \nleqslant, \eqslantless</source>
| <math>\leqslant, \nleqslant, \eqslantless</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\geqslant, \ngeqslant, \eqslantgtr</source>
| <math>\geqslant, \ngeqslant, \eqslantgtr</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\lesssim, \lnsim, \lessapprox, \lnapprox</source>
| <math>\lesssim, \lnsim, \lessapprox, \lnapprox</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\gtrsim, \gnsim, \gtrapprox, \gnapprox</source>
| <math>\gtrsim, \gnsim, \gtrapprox, \gnapprox</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\prec, \nprec, \preceq, \npreceq, \precneqq</source>
| <math>\prec, \nprec, \preceq, \npreceq, \precneqq</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\succ, \nsucc, \succeq, \nsucceq, \succneqq</source>
| <math>\succ, \nsucc, \succeq, \nsucceq, \succneqq</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\preccurlyeq, \curlyeqprec</source>
| <math>\preccurlyeq, \curlyeqprec</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\succcurlyeq, \curlyeqsucc</source>
| <math>\succcurlyeq, \curlyeqsucc</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\precsim, \precnsim, \precapprox, \precnapprox</source>
| <math>\precsim, \precnsim, \precapprox, \precnapprox</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\succsim, \succnsim, \succapprox, \succnapprox</source>
| <math>\succsim, \succnsim, \succapprox, \succnapprox</math>
|-
!colspan="2"|

====Geometric====
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\parallel, \nparallel, \shortparallel, \nshortparallel</source>
| <math>\parallel, \nparallel, \shortparallel, \nshortparallel</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\perp, \angle, \sphericalangle, \measuredangle, 45^\circ</source>
| <math>\perp, \angle, \sphericalangle, \measuredangle, 45^\circ</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\Box, \blacksquare, \diamond, \Diamond \lozenge, \blacklozenge, \bigstar</source>
| <math>\Box, \blacksquare, \diamond, \Diamond \lozenge, \blacklozenge, \bigstar</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\bigcirc, \triangle, \bigtriangleup, \bigtriangledown</source>
| <math>\bigcirc, \triangle, \bigtriangleup, \bigtriangledown</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\vartriangle, \triangledown</source>
| <math>\vartriangle, \triangledown</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\blacktriangle, \blacktriangledown, \blacktriangleleft, \blacktriangleright</source>
| <math>\blacktriangle, \blacktriangledown, \blacktriangleleft, \blacktriangleright</math>
|-
!colspan="2"|

====Logic====
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\forall, \exists, \nexists</source>
| <math>\forall, \exists, \nexists</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\therefore, \because, \And</source>
| <math>\therefore, \because, \And</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\or \lor \vee, \curlyvee, \bigvee</source>
| <math>\or, \lor, \vee, \curlyvee, \bigvee</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\and \land \wedge, \curlywedge, \bigwedge</source>
| <math>\and, \land, \wedge, \curlywedge, \bigwedge</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\bar{q}, \bar{abc}, \overline{q}, \overline{abc}, </source><br/>
<source lang="text" enclose="none">\lnot \neg, \not\operatorname{R}, \bot, \top</source>
| <math>\bar{q}, \bar{abc}, \overline{q}, \overline{abc},</math><br/>
<math>\lnot \neg, \not\operatorname{R}, \bot, \top</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\vdash \dashv, \vDash, \Vdash, \models</source>
| <math>\vdash, \dashv, \vDash, \Vdash, \models</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\Vvdash \nvdash \nVdash \nvDash \nVDash</source>
| <math>\Vvdash, \nvdash, \nVdash, \nvDash, \nVDash</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner</source>
| <math>\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner</math>
|-
!colspan="2"|

====Arrows====
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\Rrightarrow, \Lleftarrow</source>
| <math>\Rrightarrow, \Lleftarrow</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\Rightarrow, \nRightarrow, \Longrightarrow \implies</source>
| <math>\Rightarrow, \nRightarrow, \Longrightarrow, \implies</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\Leftarrow, \nLeftarrow, \Longleftarrow</source>
| <math>\Leftarrow, \nLeftarrow, \Longleftarrow</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\Leftrightarrow, \nLeftrightarrow, \Longleftrightarrow \iff</source>
| <math>\Leftrightarrow, \nLeftrightarrow, \Longleftrightarrow \iff</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\Uparrow, \Downarrow, \Updownarrow</source>
| <math>\Uparrow, \Downarrow, \Updownarrow</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\rightarrow \to, \nrightarrow, \longrightarrow</source>
| <math>\rightarrow \to, \nrightarrow, \longrightarrow</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\leftarrow \gets, \nleftarrow, \longleftarrow</source>
| <math>\leftarrow \gets, \nleftarrow, \longleftarrow</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\leftrightarrow, \nleftrightarrow, \longleftrightarrow</source>
| <math>\leftrightarrow, \nleftrightarrow, \longleftrightarrow</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\uparrow, \downarrow, \updownarrow</source>
| <math>\uparrow, \downarrow, \updownarrow</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\nearrow, \swarrow, \nwarrow, \searrow</source>
| <math>\nearrow, \swarrow, \nwarrow, \searrow</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\mapsto, \longmapsto</source>
| <math>\mapsto, \longmapsto</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons</source>
| <math>\rightharpoonup, \rightharpoondown, \leftharpoonup, \leftharpoondown, \upharpoonleft, \upharpoonright, \downharpoonleft, \downharpoonright, \rightleftharpoons, \leftrightharpoons</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \rightarrowtail \looparrowright</source>
| <math>\curvearrowleft, \circlearrowleft, \Lsh, \upuparrows, \rightrightarrows, \rightleftarrows, \rightarrowtail, \looparrowright</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft</source>
| <math>\curvearrowright, \circlearrowright, \Rsh, \downdownarrows, \leftleftarrows, \leftrightarrows, \leftarrowtail, \looparrowleft</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow \twoheadrightarrow \twoheadleftarrow</source>
| <math>\hookrightarrow, \hookleftarrow, \multimap, \leftrightsquigarrow, \rightsquigarrow, \twoheadrightarrow, \twoheadleftarrow</math>
|-
!colspan="2"|

====Special====
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\amalg \P \S \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots</source>
| <math>\amalg \P \S \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright</source>
| <math>\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\diamondsuit, \heartsuit, \clubsuit, \spadesuit, \Game, \flat, \natural, \sharp</source>
| <math>\diamondsuit, \heartsuit, \clubsuit, \spadesuit, \Game, \flat, \natural, \sharp</math>
|-
!colspan="2"|

====Unsorted (new stuff)====
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\diagup \diagdown \centerdot \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes \rightthreetimes</source>
| <math>\diagup, \diagdown, \centerdot, \ltimes, \rtimes, \leftthreetimes, \rightthreetimes</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \bumpeq \Bumpeq \doteqdot \risingdotseq \fallingdotseq</source>
| <math>\eqcirc, \circeq, \triangleq, \bumpeq, \Bumpeq, \doteqdot, \risingdotseq, \fallingdotseq</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\intercal \barwedge \veebar \doublebarwedge \between \pitchfork</source>
| <math>\intercal, \barwedge, \veebar, \doublebarwedge, \between, \pitchfork</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\vartriangleleft \ntriangleleft \vartriangleright \ntriangleright</source>
| <math>\vartriangleleft, \ntriangleleft, \vartriangleright, \ntriangleright</math>
|-
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\trianglelefteq \ntrianglelefteq \trianglerighteq \ntrianglerighteq</source>
| <math>\trianglelefteq, \ntrianglelefteq, \trianglerighteq, \ntrianglerighteq</math>
|}

For a little more semantics on these symbols, see the brief [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305074303/https://www.math.upenn.edu/tex-stuff/cookbook.pdf TeX Cookbook].

===Larger expressions===

====Subscripts, superscripts, integrals====

{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" style="border-collapse:collapse"
|-
! Feature !! Syntax !! How it looks rendered
|-
| Superscript
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">a^2, a^{x+3}</source> || <math>a^2, a^{x+3}</math>
|-
| Subscript
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">a_2</source> || <math>a_2</math>
|-
| rowspan="2"| Grouping
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">10^{30} a^{2+2}</source> || <math>10^{30} a^{2+2}</math>
|-
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">a_{i,j} b_{f'}</source> || <math>a_{i,j} b_{f'}</math>
|-
| rowspan="2"| Combining sub & super without and with horizontal separation
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">x_2^3</source> || <math>x_2^3</math>
|-
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">{x_2}^3</source> || <math>{x_2}^3</math>
|-
| Super super
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">10^{10^{8}}</source> || <math>10^{10^{8}}</math>
|-
| rowspan="2"| Preceding and/or additional sub & super
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}\prod_a^b</source> || <math>\sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}\prod_a^b</math>
|-
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4</source> || <math>{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4</math>
|-
| rowspan="4"| Stacking
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\overset{\alpha}{\omega}</source> || <math>\overset{\alpha}{\omega}</math>
|-
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\underset{\alpha}{\omega}</source> || <math>\underset{\alpha}{\omega}</math>
|-
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omega}}</source> || <math>\overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omega}}</math>
|-
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\stackrel{\alpha}{\omega}</source> || <math>\stackrel{\alpha}{\omega}</math>
|-
| rowspan="2"| Derivatives
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">x', y'', f', f''</source> || <math>x', y'', f', f''</math>
|-
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}</source> || <math>x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}</math>
|-
| Derivative dots
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\dot{x}, \ddot{x}</source> || <math>\dot{x}, \ddot{x}</math>
|-
| rowspan="3"| Underlines, overlines, vectors
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c</source> || <math> \hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c</math>
|-
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f}</source> || <math> \overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f}</math>
|-
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}</source> || <math> \overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}</math>
|-
| Arc (workaround)
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\overset{\frown} {AB}</source> || <math>\overset{\frown} {AB}</math>
|-
| Arrows
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none"> A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B \xrightarrow[T]{n\pm i-1} C</source> || <math> A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B \xrightarrow[T]{n\pm i-1} C</math>
|-
| Overbraces
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050}</source> || <math>\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050}</math>
|-
| Underbraces
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26}</source> || <math>\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26}</math>
|-
| Sum
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\sum_{k=1}^N k^2</source> || <math>\sum_{k=1}^N k^2</math>
|-
| Sum (force&nbsp;<source lang="tex" enclose="none">\textstyle</source>)
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2 </source> || <math>\textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2</math>
|-
| Sum in a fraction (default <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\textstyle</source>)
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\frac{\sum_{k=1}^N k^2}{a}</source> || <math>\frac{\sum_{k=1}^N k^2}{a}</math>
|-
| Sum in a fraction (force <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\displaystyle</source>)
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\frac{\displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2}{a}</source> || <math>\frac{\displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2}{a}</math>
|-
| Sum in a fraction (alternative limits style)
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\frac{\sum\limits^{^N}_{k=1} k^2}{a}</source> || <math>\frac{\sum\limits^{^N}_{k=1} k^2}{a}</math>
|-
| Product
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\prod_{i=1}^N x_i</source> || <math>\prod_{i=1}^N x_i</math>
|-
| Product (force&nbsp;<source lang="tex" enclose="none">\textstyle</source>)
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i</source> || <math>\textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i</math>
|-
| Coproduct
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i</source> || <math>\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i</math>
|-
| Coproduct (force&nbsp;<source lang="tex" enclose="none">\textstyle</source>)
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i</source> || <math>\textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i</math>
|-
| Limit
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n</source> || <math>\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n</math>
|-
| Limit (force&nbsp;<source lang="tex" enclose="none">\textstyle</source>)
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n</source> || <math>\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n</math>
|-
| Integral
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\int\limits_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx</source> || <math>\int\limits_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx</math>
|-
| Integral (alternative limits style)
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\int_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx</source> || <math>\int_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx</math>
|-
| Integral (force&nbsp;<source lang="tex" enclose="none">\textstyle</source>)
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x dx</source> || <math>\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x dx</math>
|-
| Integral (force&nbsp;<source lang="tex" enclose="none">\textstyle</source>, alternative limits style)
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x dx</source> || <math>\textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x dx</math>
|-
| Double integral
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\iint\limits_D dx\,dy</source> || <math>\iint\limits_D dx\,dy</math>
|-
| Triple integral
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\iiint\limits_E dx\,dy\,dz</source> || <math>\iiint\limits_E dx\,dy\,dz</math>
|-
| Quadruple integral
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\iiiint\limits_F dx\,dy\,dz\,dt</source> || <math>\iiiint\limits_F dx\,dy\,dz\,dt</math>
|-
| Line or path integral
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\int_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy</source> || <math>\int_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy</math>
|-
| Closed line or path integral
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\oint_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy</source> || <math>\oint_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy</math>
|-
| Intersections
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\bigcap_{i=_1}^n E_i</source> || <math>\bigcap_{i=_1}^n E_i</math>
|-
| [[Union (set theory)|Unions]]
| <source lang="tex" enclose="none">\bigcup_{i=_1}^n E_i</source> || <math>\bigcup_{i=_1}^n E_i</math>
|}

===Display attribute===
[[File:Editing a formula using VisualEditor.png|thumb|This screenshot shows the formula {{math|1=''E'' = ''mc''{{smallsup|2}}}} being edited using VisualEditor. The visual editor shows a button that allows to choose one of three offered modes to display a formula.]]

The {{tag|math|o}} tag can take a <code>display</code> attribute with possible values of <code>inline</code> and <code>block</code>.

====Inline====

If the value of the display attribute is inline, the contents will be rendered in inline mode; i.e., there will be no new paragraph for the equation and the operators will be rendered to consume only a small amount of vertical space.

=====Example=====
The sum <math display="inline">\sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{-i}</math> converges to 2.

The next line-width is not disturbed by large operators.

The code for the math example reads:
:<source lang="xml" inline><math display="inline">\sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{-i}</math></source>

=====Technical implementation=====
Technically the command ''\textstyle'' will be added to the user input before the tex command is passed to the renderer. The result will be displayed without further formatting by outputting the image or MathMLelement to the page.

====Block====
In block-style the equation is rendered in its own paragraph and the operators are rendered consuming less horizontal space.

=====Example=====
The equation <math display="block">\text{geometric series:}\quad \begin{align} \sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{-i}=2 \end{align}</math>

It was entered as
:<source lang="xml" inline><math display="block">\text{geometric series:}\quad \sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{-i}=2 </math></source>

=====Technical implementation=====
Technically it will add the command ''\displaystyle'' will be added to the user input, if the user input does not contain the string ''\displaystyle'' or ''\align'' before the tex command is passed to the renderer. The result will be displayed in a new paragraph.
Therefore, the style of the MathImage is altered i.e. the style attribute "display:block;margin:auto" is added.
For MathML it is ensured that display=inline is replaced by display block which produces a new paragraph

====Not specified====

If nothing is specified the current behavior is preserved. That means all equations are rendered in display style but not using a new paragraph.

=====Example=====

The sum <math>\sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{-i}</math> converges to 2.

The next line-width is disturbed by large operators.

The code for the math example reads:
:<source lang="tex" inline><math>\sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{-i}</math></source>

The equation
:<math>\text{geometric series:}\quad \sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{-i}=2 </math>

It was entered as
:<source lang="tex" inline><math>\text{geometric series:}\quad \sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{-i}=2 </math></source>

====Fractions, matrices, multilines====

{| class="wikitable"
! Feature
! Syntax
! How it looks rendered
|-
| Fractions
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\frac{2}{4}=0.5</source> or <source lang="latex" enclose="none">{2 \over 4}=0.5</source>
| <math>\frac{2}{4}=0.5</math>
|-
| Small fractions (force <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\textstyle</source>)
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\tfrac{2}{4} = 0.5</source>
| <math>\tfrac{2}{4} = 0.5</math>
|-
| Large (normal) fractions (force <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\displaystyle</source>)
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 \qquad \dfrac{2}{c + \dfrac{2}{d + \dfrac{2}{4}}} = a</source>
| <math>\dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 \qquad \dfrac{2}{c + \dfrac{2}{d + \dfrac{2}{4}}} = a</math>
|-
| Large (nested) fractions
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} = a</source>
| <math>\cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} = a</math>
|-
| Cancellations in fractions
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\cfrac{x}{1 + \cfrac{\cancel{y}}{\cancel{y}}} = \cfrac{x}{2}</source>
| <math>\cfrac{x}{1 + \cfrac{\cancel{y}}{\cancel{y}}} = \cfrac{x}{2}</math>
|-
| Binomial coefficients
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\binom{n}{k}</source>
| <math>\binom{n}{k}</math>
|-
| Small binomial coefficients (force <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\textstyle</source>)
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\tbinom{n}{k}</source>
| <math>\tbinom{n}{k}</math>
|-
| Large (normal) binomial coefficients (force <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\displaystyle</source>)
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\dbinom{n}{k}</source>
| <math>\dbinom{n}{k}</math>
|-
| rowspan="7" | Matrices
| <source lang="latex">\begin{matrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{matrix}</source>
| <math>\begin{matrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{matrix}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex">\begin{vmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{vmatrix}</source>
| <math>\begin{vmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{vmatrix}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex">\begin{Vmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{Vmatrix}</source>
| <math>\begin{Vmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{Vmatrix}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex">\begin{bmatrix}
0 & \cdots & 0 \\
\vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
0 & \cdots & 0
\end{bmatrix}</source>
| <math>\begin{bmatrix}
0 & \cdots & 0 \\
\vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
0 & \cdots & 0
\end{bmatrix} </math>
|-
| <source lang="latex">\begin{Bmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{Bmatrix}</source>
| <math>\begin{Bmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{Bmatrix}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex">\begin{pmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{pmatrix}</source>
| <math>\begin{pmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{pmatrix}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex">
\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix}
a&b\\ c&d
\end{smallmatrix} \bigr)
</source>
| <math>
\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix}
a&b\\ c&d
\end{smallmatrix} \bigr)
</math>
|-
| Case distinctions
| <source lang="latex">
f(n) =
\begin{cases}
n/2, & \text{if }n\text{ is even} \\
3n+1, & \text{if }n\text{ is odd}
\end{cases}</source>
| <math>f(n) =
\begin{cases}
n/2, & \text{if }n\text{ is even} \\
3n+1, & \text{if }n\text{ is odd}
\end{cases}</math>
|-
| rowspan="2" | Multiline equations
| <source lang="latex">
\begin{align}
f(x) & = (a+b)^2 \\
& = a^2+2ab+b^2 \\
\end{align}
</source>
| <math>
\begin{align}
f(x) & = (a+b)^2 \\
& = a^2+2ab+b^2 \\
\end{align}
</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex">
\begin{alignat}{2}
f(x) & = (a-b)^2 \\
& = a^2-2ab+b^2 \\
\end{alignat}
</source>
| <math>
\begin{alignat}{2}
f(x) & = (a-b)^2 \\
& = a^2-2ab+b^2 \\
\end{alignat}
</math>
|-
| Multiline equations <small>(must define number of columns used ({lcl})) (should not be used unless needed)</small>
| <source lang="latex">
\begin{array}{lcl}
z & = & a \\
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z
\end{array}</source>
| <math>\begin{array}{lcl}
z & = & a \\
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z
\end{array}</math>
|-
| Multiline equations (more)
| <source lang="latex">
\begin{array}{lcr}
z & = & a \\
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z
\end{array}</source>
| <math>\begin{array}{lcr}
z & = & a \\
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z
\end{array}</math>
|-
| Breaking up a long expression so that it wraps when necessary, at the expense of destroying correct spacing
| <source lang="latex">
f(x) =
\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n x^n =
a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2+\cdots
</source>
| <math>f(x) =
\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n x^n =
a_0 +a_1x+a_2x^2+\cdots</math>
|-
| Simultaneous equations
| <source lang="latex">\begin{cases}
3x + 5y + z \\
7x - 2y + 4z \\
-6x + 3y + 2z
\end{cases}</source>
| <math>\begin{cases}
3x + 5y + z \\
7x - 2y + 4z \\
-6x + 3y + 2z
\end{cases}</math>
|-
| Arrays
| <source lang="latex">
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|} a & b & S \\
\hline
0&0&1\\
0&1&1\\
1&0&1\\
1&1&0\\
\end{array}
</source>
| <math>
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|} a & b & S \\
\hline
0&0&1\\
0&1&1\\
1&0&1\\
1&1&0\\
\end{array}
</math>
|}

====Parenthesizing big expressions, brackets, bars====

{| class="wikitable"
! Feature !! Syntax !! How it looks rendered
|-
| {{cross}}Bad
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">( \frac{1}{2} )^n</source>
| <math>( \frac{1}{2} )^n</math>
|-
| Good{{tick}}
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )^n</source>
| <math>\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )^n</math>
|}

You can use various delimiters with \left and \right:

{| class="wikitable"
! Feature
! Syntax
! How it looks rendered
|-
| Parentheses
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\left ( \frac{a}{b} \right )</source>
| <math>\left ( \frac{a}{b} \right )</math>
|-
| Brackets
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\left [ \frac{a}{b} \right ] \quad</source><br/> <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\left \lbrack \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrack</source>
| <math>\left [ \frac{a}{b} \right ] \quad \left \lbrack \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrack</math>
|-
| Braces
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right \} \quad</source><br/> <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\left \lbrace \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrace</source>
| <math>\left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right \} \quad \left \lbrace \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrace</math>
|-
| Angle brackets
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle</source>
| <math>\left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle</math>
|-
| Bars and double bars
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\left | \frac{a}{b} \right \vert \quad</source><br/> <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\left \Vert \frac{c}{d} \right \|</source>
| <math>\left | \frac{a}{b} \right \vert \quad \left \Vert \frac{c}{d} \right \|</math>
|-
| Floor and ceiling functions:
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor \quad</source><br/> <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil</source>
| <math>\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor \quad \left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil</math>
|-
| Slashes and backslashes
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash</source>
| <math>\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash</math>
|-
| Up, down, and up-down arrows
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow \quad</source><br/> <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow \quad</source><br/> <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow</source>
| <math>\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow \quad \left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow \quad \left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow</math>
|-
| Delimiters can be mixed,<br>as long as \left and \right match
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\left [ 0,1 \right )</source><br/> <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\left \langle \psi \right |</source>
| <math>\left [ 0,1 \right )</math><br/> <math>\left \langle \psi \right |</math>
|-
| Use \left. and \right. if you<br/> do not want a delimiter to appear
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\left . \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X</source>
| <math>\left . \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X</math>
|-
| rowspan="7" | Size of the delimiters (add "l" or "r" to indicate the side for proper spacing)
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">( \bigl( \Bigl( \biggl( \Biggl( \dots \Biggr] \biggr] \Bigr] \bigr] ]</source>
| <math>( \bigl( \Bigl( \biggl( \Biggl( \dots \Biggr] \biggr] \Bigr] \bigr] ]</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\{ \bigl\{ \Bigl\{ \biggl\{ \Biggl\{ \dots</source><br/> <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Biggr\rangle \biggr\rangle \Bigr\rangle \bigr\rangle \rangle</source>
| <math>\{ \bigl\{ \Bigl\{ \biggl\{ \Biggl\{ \dots \Biggr\rangle \biggr\rangle \Bigr\rangle \bigr\rangle \rangle</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\| \big\| \Big\| \bigg\| \Bigg\| \dots \Bigg| \bigg| \Big| \big| |</source>
| <math>\| \big\| \Big\| \bigg\| \Bigg\| \dots \Bigg| \bigg| \Big| \big| |</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\lfloor \bigl\lfloor \Bigl\lfloor \biggl\lfloor \Biggl\lfloor \dots</source><br/> <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Biggr\rceil \biggr\rceil \Bigr\rceil \bigr\rceil \ceil</source>
| <math>\lfloor \bigl\lfloor \Bigl\lfloor \biggl\lfloor \Biggl\lfloor \dots \Biggr\rceil \biggr\rceil \Bigr\rceil \bigr\rceil \rceil</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\uparrow \big\uparrow \Big\uparrow \bigg\uparrow \Bigg\uparrow \dots</source><br/> <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Bigg\Downarrow \bigg\Downarrow \Big\Downarrow \big\Downarrow \Downarrow</source>
| <math>\uparrow \big\uparrow \Big\uparrow \bigg\uparrow \Bigg\uparrow \dots \Bigg\Downarrow \bigg\Downarrow \Big\Downarrow \big\Downarrow \Downarrow</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\updownarrow \big\updownarrow \Big\updownarrow \bigg\updownarrow \Bigg\updownarrow \dots</source><br/> <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Bigg\Updownarrow \bigg\Updownarrow \Big\Updownarrow \big\Updownarrow \Updownarrow</source>
| <math>\updownarrow \big\updownarrow \Big\updownarrow \bigg\updownarrow \Bigg\updownarrow \dots \Bigg\Updownarrow \bigg\Updownarrow \Big\Updownarrow \big\Updownarrow \Updownarrow</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">/ \big/ \Big/ \bigg/ \Bigg/ \dots</source><br/> <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Bigg\backslash \bigg\backslash \Big\backslash \big\backslash \backslash</source>
| <math>/ \big/ \Big/ \bigg/ \Bigg/ \dots \Bigg\backslash \bigg\backslash \Big\backslash \big\backslash \backslash</math>
|}

====Equation numbering====

The templates {{tl|NumBlk}} and {{tl|EquationRef}} can be used to number equations. The template {{tl|EquationNote}} can be used to refer to a numbered equation from surrounding text. For example, the following syntax:

: <source lang="text" inline>{{NumBlk|:|<math>x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 1</math>|{{EquationRef|1}}}}</source>

produces the following result (note the equation number in the right margin):

{{NumBlk|:|<math>x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 1</math>|{{EquationRef|1}}}}

Later on, the text can refer to this equation by its number using syntax like this:

: <source lang="text" inline>As seen in equation ({{EquationNote|1}}), blah blah blah...</source>

The result looks like this:

: As seen in equation ({{EquationNote|1}}), blah blah blah...

The equation number produced by {{tl|EquationNote}} is a link that the user can click to go immediately to the cited equation.

===Alphabets and typefaces===
{{See also|Wikipedia:LaTeX symbols#Fonts}}
[[Texvc]] cannot render arbitrary [[Unicode]] characters. Those it can handle can be entered by the expressions below. For others, such as [[Cyrillic]], they can be entered as Unicode or HTML entities in running text, but cannot be used in displayed formulas.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"| Greek alphabet
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \Eta \Theta</source>
| <math>\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \Eta \Theta</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \Nu \Xi \Omicron \Pi</source>
| <math>\Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \Nu \Omicron \Xi \Pi</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Rho \Sigma \Tau \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega</source>
| <math>\Rho \Sigma \Tau \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta</source>
| <math>\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \omicron \xi \pi</source>
| <math>\iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \omicron \xi \pi</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\rho \sigma \tau \upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega</source>
| <math>\rho \sigma \tau \upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\varepsilon \digamma \varkappa \varpi</source>
| <math>\varepsilon \digamma \varkappa \varpi</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\varrho \varsigma \vartheta \varphi</source>
| <math>\varrho \varsigma \vartheta \varphi</math>
|-
!colspan="2"| Hebrew symbols
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth</source>
| <math>\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth</math>
|-
!colspan="2"| Blackboard bold/scripts
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathbb{ABCDEFGHI}</source>
| <math>\mathbb{ABCDEFGHI}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathbb{JKLMNOPQR}</source>
| <math>\mathbb{JKLMNOPQR}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathbb{STUVWXYZ}</source>
| <math>\mathbb{STUVWXYZ}</math>
|-
!colspan="2"| Boldface
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathbf{ABCDEFGHI}</source>
| <math>\mathbf{ABCDEFGHI}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathbf{JKLMNOPQR}</source>
| <math>\mathbf{JKLMNOPQR}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathbf{STUVWXYZ}</source>
| <math>\mathbf{STUVWXYZ}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathbf{abcdefghijklm}</source>
| <math>\mathbf{abcdefghijklm}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathbf{nopqrstuvwxyz}</source>
| <math>\mathbf{nopqrstuvwxyz}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathbf{0123456789}</source>
| <math>\mathbf{0123456789}</math>
|-
!colspan="2"| Boldface (Greek)
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\boldsymbol{\Alpha\Beta\Gamma\Delta\Epsilon\Zeta\Eta\Theta}</source>
| <math>\boldsymbol{\Alpha\Beta\Gamma\Delta\Epsilon\Zeta\Eta\Theta}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\boldsymbol{\Iota\Kappa\Lambda\Mu\Nu\Xi\Pi\Rho}</source>
| <math>\boldsymbol{\Iota\Kappa\Lambda\Mu\Nu\Xi\Pi\Rho}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\boldsymbol{\Sigma\Tau\Upsilon\Phi\Chi\Psi\Omega}</source>
| <math>\boldsymbol{\Sigma\Tau\Upsilon\Phi\Chi\Psi\Omega}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\boldsymbol{\alpha\beta\gamma\delta\epsilon\zeta\eta\theta}</source>
| <math>\boldsymbol{\alpha\beta\gamma\delta\epsilon\zeta\eta\theta}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\boldsymbol{\iota\kappa\lambda\mu\nu\xi\pi\rho}</source>
| <math>\boldsymbol{\iota\kappa\lambda\mu\nu\xi\pi\rho}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\boldsymbol{\sigma\tau\upsilon\phi\chi\psi\omega}</source>
| <math>\boldsymbol{\sigma\tau\upsilon\phi\chi\psi\omega}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\boldsymbol{\varepsilon\digamma\varkappa\varpi}</source>
| <math>\boldsymbol{\varepsilon\digamma\varkappa\varpi}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\boldsymbol{\varrho\varsigma\vartheta\varphi}</source>
| <math>\boldsymbol{\varrho\varsigma\vartheta\varphi}</math>
|-
!colspan="2"| Italics (default for Latin alphabet)
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathit{0123456789}</source>
| <math>\mathit{0123456789}</math>
|-
!colspan="2"| Greek italics (default for lowercase Greek)
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathit{\Alpha\Beta\Gamma\Delta\Epsilon\Zeta\Eta\Theta}</source>
| <math>\mathit{\Alpha\Beta\Gamma\Delta\Epsilon\Zeta\Eta\Theta}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathit{\Iota\Kappa\Lambda\Mu\Nu\Xi\Pi\Rho}</source>
| <math>\mathit{\Iota\Kappa\Lambda\Mu\Nu\Xi\Pi\Rho}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathit{\Sigma\Tau\Upsilon\Phi\Chi\Psi\Omega}</source>
| <math>\mathit{\Sigma\Tau\Upsilon\Phi\Chi\Psi\Omega}</math>
|-
!colspan="2"| Roman typeface
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathrm{ABCDEFGHI}</source>
| <math>\mathrm{ABCDEFGHI}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathrm{JKLMNOPQR}</source>
| <math>\mathrm{JKLMNOPQR}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathrm{STUVWXYZ}</source>
| <math>\mathrm{STUVWXYZ}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathrm{abcdefghijklm}</source>
| <math>\mathrm{abcdefghijklm}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathrm{nopqrstuvwxyz}</source>
| <math>\mathrm{nopqrstuvwxyz}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathrm{0123456789}</source>
| <math>\mathrm{0123456789}</math>
|-
!colspan="2"| Sans serif
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathsf{ABCDEFGHI}</source>
| <math>\mathsf{ABCDEFGHI}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathsf{JKLMNOPQR}</source>
| <math>\mathsf{JKLMNOPQR}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathsf{STUVWXYZ}</source>
| <math>\mathsf{STUVWXYZ}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathsf{abcdefghijklm}</source>
| <math>\mathsf{abcdefghijklm}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathsf{nopqrstuvwxyz}</source>
| <math>\mathsf{nopqrstuvwxyz}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathsf{0123456789}</source>
| <math>\mathsf{0123456789}</math>
|-
!colspan="2"| Sans serif Greek (capital only)
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathsf{\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \Eta \Theta}</source>
| <math>\mathsf{\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \Eta \Theta}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathsf{\Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \Nu \Xi \Pi \Rho}</source>
| <math>\mathsf{\Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \Nu \Xi \Pi \Rho}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathsf{\Sigma \Tau \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega}</source>
| <math>\mathsf{\Sigma \Tau \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega}</math>
|-
!colspan="2"| Calligraphy/script
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathcal{ABCDEFGHI}</source>
| <math>\mathcal{ABCDEFGHI}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathcal{JKLMNOPQR}</source>
| <math>\mathcal{JKLMNOPQR}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathcal{STUVWXYZ}</source>
| <math>\mathcal{STUVWXYZ}</math>
|-
!colspan="2"| Fraktur typeface
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathfrak{ABCDEFGHI}</source>
| <math>\mathfrak{ABCDEFGHI}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathfrak{JKLMNOPQR}</source>
| <math>\mathfrak{JKLMNOPQR}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathfrak{STUVWXYZ}</source>
| <math>\mathfrak{STUVWXYZ}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathfrak{abcdefghijklm}</source>
| <math>\mathfrak{abcdefghijklm}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathfrak{nopqrstuvwxyz}</source>
| <math>\mathfrak{nopqrstuvwxyz}</math>
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathfrak{0123456789}</source>
| <math>\mathfrak{0123456789}</math>
|-
|-
!colspan="2"| Small scriptstyle text
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">{\scriptstyle\text{abcdefghijklm}}</source>
| <math>{\scriptstyle\text{abcdefghijklm}}</math>
|}

====Mixed text faces====

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Feature
! Syntax
! How it looks rendered
|-
| Italicised characters (spaces are ignored)
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">x y z</source>
| <math>x y z</math>
|-
| Non-italicised characters
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\text{x y z}</source>
| <math>\text{x y z}</math>
|-
| Mixed italics (bad)
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\text{if} n \text{is even}</source>
| <math>\text{if} n \text{is even}</math>
|-
| Mixed italics (good)
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\text{if }n\text{ is even}</source>
| <math>\text{if }n\text{ is even}</math>
|-
| Mixed italics (alternative: ~ or "\ " forces a space)
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\text{if}~n\ \text{is even}</source>
| <math>\text{if}~n\ \text{is even}</math>
|}

===Color===
Equations can use color with the <code>\color</code> command. For example,
*<source lang="latex" enclose="none">{\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{Orange}2x}-{\color{LimeGreen}1}</source>
*: <math>{\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{Orange}2x}-{\color{LimeGreen}1}</math>
*<source lang="latex" enclose="none">x_{1,2}=\frac{{\color{Blue}-b}\pm\sqrt{\color{Red}b^2-4ac}}{\color{Green}2a }</source>
*: <math>x_{1,2}=\frac{{\color{Blue}-b}\pm\sqrt{\color{Red}b^2-4ac}}{\color{Green}2a}</math>
There are several alternate notations styles
*<source lang="latex" enclose="none">{\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{Orange}2x}-{\color{LimeGreen}1}</source> works with both texvc and MathJax
*: <math>{\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{Orange}2x}-{\color{LimeGreen}1}</math>
*<source lang="latex" enclose="none">\color{Blue}x^2\color{Black}+\color{Orange}2x\color{Black}-\color{LimeGreen}1</source> works with both texvc and MathJax
*: <math>\color{Blue}x^2\color{Black}+\color{Orange}2x\color{Black}-\color{LimeGreen}1</math>
*<source lang="latex" enclose="none">\color{Blue}{x^2}+\color{Orange}{2x}-\color{LimeGreen}{1}</source> only works with MathJax
*: <math>\color{Blue}{x^2}+\color{Orange}{2x}-\color{LimeGreen}{1}</math>

Some color names are predeclared according to the following table, you can use them directly for the rendering of formulas (or for declaring the intended color of the page background).

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Colors supported
|-
| <math>\color{Apricot}{\text{Apricot}}</math> ||style="background-color: gray;"| <math>\color{Aquamarine}{\text{Aquamarine}}</math> || <math>\color{Bittersweet}{\text{Bittersweet}}</math> || <math>\color{Black}{\text{Black}}</math>
|-
| <math>\color{Blue}{\text{Blue}}</math> || <math>\color{BlueGreen}{\text{BlueGreen}}</math> || <math>\color{BlueViolet}{\text{BlueViolet}}</math> || <math>\color{BrickRed}{\text{BrickRed}}</math>
|-
| <math>\color{Brown}{\text{Brown}}</math> || <math>\color{BurntOrange}{\text{BurntOrange}}</math> || <math>\color{CadetBlue}{\text{CadetBlue}}</math> || <math>\color{CarnationPink}{\text{CarnationPink}}</math>
|-
| <math>\color{Cerulean}{\text{Cerulean}}</math> || <math>\color{CornflowerBlue}{\text{CornflowerBlue}}</math> ||style="background-color: gray;"| <math>\color{Cyan}{\text{Cyan}}</math> || <math>\color{Dandelion}{\text{Dandelion}}</math>
|-
| <math>\color{DarkOrchid}{\text{DarkOrchid}}</math> || <math>\color{Emerald}{\text{Emerald}}</math> || <math>\color{ForestGreen}{\text{ForestGreen}}</math> || <math>\color{Fuchsia}{\text{Fuchsia}}</math>
|-
| <math>\color{Goldenrod}{\text{Goldenrod}}</math> || <math>\color{Gray}{\text{Gray}}</math> || <math>\color{Green}{\text{Green}}</math> ||style="background-color: gray;"| <math>\color{GreenYellow}{\text{GreenYellow}}</math>
|-
| <math>\color{JungleGreen}{\text{JungleGreen}}</math> ||style="background-color: gray;"| <math>\color{Lavender}{\text{Lavender}}</math> ||style="background-color: gray;"| <math>\color{LimeGreen}{\text{LimeGreen}}</math> || <math>\color{Magenta}{\text{Magenta}}</math>
|-
| <math>\color{Mahogany}{\text{Mahogany}}</math> || <math>\color{Maroon}{\text{Maroon}}</math> || <math>\color{Melon}{\text{Melon}}</math> || <math>\color{MidnightBlue}{\text{MidnightBlue}}</math>
|-
| <math>\color{Mulberry}{\text{Mulberry}}</math> || <math>\color{NavyBlue}{\text{NavyBlue}}</math> || <math>\color{OliveGreen}{\text{OliveGreen}}</math> || <math>\color{Orange}{\text{Orange}}</math>
|-
| <math>\color{OrangeRed}{\text{OrangeRed}}</math> || <math>\color{Orchid}{\text{Orchid}}</math> || <math>\color{Peach}{\text{Peach}}</math> || <math>\color{Periwinkle}{\text{Periwinkle}}</math>
|-
| <math>\color{PineGreen}{\text{PineGreen}}</math> || <math>\color{Plum}{\text{Plum}}</math> || <math>\color{ProcessBlue}{\text{ProcessBlue}}</math> || <math>\color{Purple}{\text{Purple}}</math>
|-
| <math>\color{RawSienna}{\text{RawSienna}}</math> || <math>\color{Red}{\text{Red}}</math> || <math>\color{RedOrange}{\text{RedOrange}}</math> || <math>\color{RedViolet}{\text{RedViolet}}</math>
|-
| <math>\color{Rhodamine}{\text{Rhodamine}}</math> || <math>\color{RoyalBlue}{\text{RoyalBlue}}</math> || <math>\color{RoyalPurple}{\text{RoyalPurple}}</math> || <math>\color{RubineRed}{\text{RubineRed}}</math>
|-
| <math>\color{Salmon}{\text{Salmon}}</math> || <math>\color{SeaGreen}{\text{SeaGreen}}</math> || <math>\color{Sepia}{\text{Sepia}}</math> || <math>\color{SkyBlue}{\text{SkyBlue}}</math>
|-
|style="background-color: gray;"| <math>\color{SpringGreen}{\text{SpringGreen}}</math> || <math>\color{Tan}{\text{Tan}}</math> || <math>\color{TealBlue}{\text{TealBlue}}</math> ||style="background-color: gray;"| <math>\color{Thistle}{\text{Thistle}}</math>
|-
| <math>\color{Turquoise}{\text{Turquoise}}</math> || <math>\color{Violet}{\text{Violet}}</math> || <math>\color{VioletRed}{\text{VioletRed}}</math> ||style="background-color: gray;"| <math>\color{White}{\text{White}}}</math>
|-
| <math>\color{WildStrawberry}{\text{WildStrawberry}}</math> ||style="background-color: gray;"| <math>\color{Yellow}{\text{Yellow}}</math> || <math>\color{YellowGreen}{\text{YellowGreen}}</math> || <math>\color{YellowOrange}{\text{YellowOrange}}</math>
|}

Color should not be used as the ''only'' way to identify something, because it will become meaningless on black-and-white media or for color-blind people. See [[WP:Manual of Style (accessibility)#Color]].

Latex does not have a command for setting the background color. The most effective of setting a background color is by setting a CSS styling rules for a table cell
<pre style="display: inline-block;">
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
| style="background: gray;"      | <math>x^2</math>
| style="background: Goldenrod;" | <math>y^3</math>
|}
</pre>

Rendered as
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
| style="background: gray;"      | <math>x^2</math>
| style="background: Goldenrod;" | <math>y^3</math>
|}

{| class="wikitable"  align="center"
| style="background: gray;"      | <math>x^2</math>
| style="background: Goldenrod;" | <math>y^3</math>
|}

Custom colours can be defined using
<syntaxhighlight lang="latex">\definecolor{myorange}{rgb}{1,0.65,0.4}\color{myorange}e^{i \pi}\color{Black} + 1 = 0</syntaxhighlight>

:<math>\definecolor{myorange}{rgb}{1,0.65,0.4}\color{myorange}e^{i \pi}\color{Black} + 1 = 0</math>

===Formatting issues===

====Spacing====

TeX handles most spacing automatically, but you may sometimes want manual control.

{| class="wikitable"
! Feature !! Syntax !! How it looks rendered
|-
| double quad space || <source lang="latex" enclose="none">a \qquad b</source> || <math>a \qquad b</math>
|-
| quad space || <source lang="latex" enclose="none">a \quad b</source> || <math>a \quad b</math>
|-
| text space || <source lang="latex" enclose="none">a\ b</source> || <math>a\ b</math>
|-
| text space in text mode || <source lang="latex" enclose="none">a \text{ } b</source> || <math>a \text{ } b</math>
|-
| large space || <source lang="latex" enclose="none">a\;b</source> || <math>a\;b</math>
|-
| medium space || <source lang="latex" enclose="none">a\<b</source> || [not supported]
|-
| small space || <source lang="latex" enclose="none">a\,b</source> || <math>a\,b</math>
|-
| tiny space (use for multiplication of factors) || <source lang="latex" enclose="none">ab</source> || <math>ab</math>
|-
| tiny space (syntax space ignored) || <source lang="latex" enclose="none">a b</source> || <math>a b</math>
|-
| no space (use for multi-letter variables) || <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathit{ab}</source> || <math>\mathit{ab}</math>
|-
| small negative space || <source lang="latex" enclose="none">a\!b</source> || <math>a\!b</math>
|}

Automatic spacing may be broken in very long expressions (because they produce an overfull hbox in TeX):

: <source lang="latex" enclose="none">0+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+16+17+18+19+20+\cdots</source>
: <math>0+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+16+17+18+19+20+\cdots</math>

This can be remedied by putting a pair of braces { } around the whole expression:

: <source lang="latex" enclose="none">{0+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+16+17+18+19+20+\cdots}</source>
: <math>{0+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+16+17+18+19+20+\cdots}</math>

====Alignment with normal text flow====

Because of the default CSS

<source lang="CSS">img.tex { vertical-align: middle; }</source>

an inline expression like <math>\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx</math> should look good.

If you need to align it otherwise, use <code><nowiki><math style="vertical-align:-100%;">...</math></nowiki></code> and play with the <source lang="latex" enclose="none">vertical-align</source> argument until you get it right; however, how it looks may depend on the browser and the browser settings.

If you rely on this workaround, if and when the rendering on the server gets fixed in a future release, this extra manual offset will suddenly make every affected formula align ''incorrectly''. So use it sparingly, if at all.

===Unimplemented elements and workarounds===

====<source lang="latex" enclose="none">\oiint</source> and <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\oiiint</source>====

Elements which are not yet implemented are <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\oiint</source>, namely a two-fold integral <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\iint</source> {{nowrap|(<math>\iint</math>)}} with a circular curve through the centre of the two integrals, and similarly <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\oiiint</source>, a circular curve through three integrals. In contrast, <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\oint</source> {{nowrap|(<math>\oint</math>)}} exists for the single dimension (integration over a curved line within a plane or any space with higher dimension).

These elements appear in many contexts: <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\oiint</source> denotes a [[surface integral]] over the closed 2d boundary of a 3d region (which occurs in much of 3d [[vector calculus]] and physical applications – like [[Maxwell's equations]]), likewise <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\oiiint</source> denotes integration over the closed 3d boundary (surface volume) of a 4d region, and they would be strong candidates for the next TeX version. As such there are a lot of workarounds in the present version.

:{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width="80%" style="text-align:left"
!<source lang="latex" enclose="none">\oiint</source> and <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\oiiint</source> using currently implemented symbols
|-
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\oiint</source> looks like:

*<math>\iint\limits_{S}\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\subset\!\supset \mathbf D \cdot \mathrm{d}\mathbf A</math>, which uses <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\iint</source> along with <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\subset</source> and <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\supset</source> (overdrawn after backspacing):
: <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\iint\limits_{S}\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\subset\!\supset \mathbf D \cdot \mathrm{d}\mathbf A</source>
*<math>\int\!\!\!\!\int_{\partial V}\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\;\;\;\bigcirc\,\,\mathbf D\cdot\mathrm{d}\mathbf A</math>, which uses <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\int</source> twice (with some backward [[kern (typography)|kerning]]) along with <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\bigcirc</source> (also overdrawn after backpacing) to produce a more consistent circle:
: <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\int\!\!\!\!\int_{\partial V}\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\;\;\;\bigcirc\,\,\mathbf D\cdot\mathrm{d}\mathbf A</source>

<source lang="latex" enclose="none">\oiiint</source> (should also be preferably more tightly kerned) looks more or less like:

*<math>\int\!\!\!\!\!\int\!\!\!\!\!\int_{\partial V}\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\;\;\;\subset\!\supset \mathbf D\cdot\mathrm{d}\mathbf A</math> which uses three \int symbols (with more backward kerning) with \subset and \supset (overdrawn after backspacing):
: <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\int\!\!\!\!\!\int\!\!\!\!\!\int_{\partial V}\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\;\;\;\subset\!\supset \mathbf D\;\cdot\mathrm{d}\mathbf A</source>
*<math>\int\!\!\!\!\!\int\!\!\!\!\!\int_{\partial V}\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\;\;\;\bigcirc\,\,\mathbf D\;\cdot\mathrm{d}\mathbf A</math>, which uses three <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\int</source> symbols (with more backward kerning) along with <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\bigcirc</source> (also overdrawn after backspacing):
: <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\int\!\!\!\!\!\int\!\!\!\!\!\int_{\partial V}\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\;\;\;\bigcirc\,\,\mathbf D\;\cdot\mathrm{d}\mathbf A</source>
|}

However, since no standardisation exists as yet, any workaround like this (which uses many <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\!</source> symbols for backspacing) should be avoided, if possible. See below for a possibility using PNG image enforcement.

Note that <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\iint</source> (the double integral) and <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\iiint</source> (the triple integral) are still not kerned as they should preferably be, and are currently rendered as if they were successive <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\int</source> symbols; this is not a major problem for reading the formulas, even if the integral symbols before the last one do not have bounds, so it's best to avoid backspacing "hacks" as they may be inconsistent with a possible future better implementation of integrals symbols (with more precisely computed kerning positions).

=====<source lang="latex" enclose="none">\oiint</source> and <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\oiiint</source> as PNG images=====

These symbols are available as PNG images which are also integrated into two templates, {{tl|oiint}} and {{tl|oiiint}}, which take care of the formatting around the symbols.

The templates have three parameters:

;preintegral: the text or formula immediately before the integral
;intsubscpt: the subscript below the integral
;integrand: the text or formula immediately after the integral

======Examples======

*[[Stokes' theorem]]: <source lang="tex" inline><math>\oiint_{\scriptstyle S}( \nabla \times \mathbf{F} ) \cdot {\rm d}\mathbf{S} = \oint_{\partial S} \mathbf{F} \cdot {\rm d}\boldsymbol{\ell} </math></source>

: <math>\oiint_{\scriptstyle S}( \nabla \times \mathbf{F} ) \cdot {\rm d}\mathbf{S} = \oint_{\partial S} \mathbf{F} \cdot {\rm d}\boldsymbol{\ell} </math>

*[[Ampère's circuital law|Ampère's law]] + correction: <source lang="tex" inline>{{oiint

| preintegral=<math>\oint_C \mathbf{B} \cdot {\rm d} \boldsymbol{\ell} = \mu_0 </math>
| intsubscpt = <math>{\scriptstyle S}</math>
| integrand = <math>\left ( \mathbf{J} + \epsilon_0\frac{\partial \mathbf{E}}{\partial t} \right ) \cdot {\rm d}\mathbf{S}</math>
}}</source>

: {{oiint
| preintegral=<math>\oint_{\partial S} \mathbf{B} \cdot {\rm d} \boldsymbol{\ell} = \mu_0 </math>
| intsubscpt = <math>{\scriptstyle S}</math>
| integrand = <math>\left ( \mathbf{J} + \epsilon_0\frac{\partial \mathbf{E}}{\partial t} \right ) \cdot {\rm d}\mathbf{S}</math>
}}

*Continuity of [[4-momentum]] flux (in [[general relativity]]):<ref>{{Cite book|title=Gravitation|author1=J. A. Wheeler |author2=C. Misner |author3=K. S. Thorne | year=1973|publisher=W. H. Freeman & Co|edition=2nd|isbn=0-7167-0344-0}}</ref><source lang="tex" inline> <math display=block>
\mathbf{P} = \oiiint_{\scriptstyle \partial \Omega} \mathbf{T} \cdot {\rm d}^3\boldsymbol{\Sigma}
         = 0
</math></source>
<math display=block>
\mathbf{P} = \oiiint_{\scriptstyle \partial \Omega} \mathbf{T} \cdot {\rm d}^3\boldsymbol{\Sigma}
         = 0
</math>

=====Oriented <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\oiint</source> and <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\oiiint</source> as PNG images=====

Some variants of <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\oiint</source> and <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\oiiint</source> have arrows on them to indicate the sense of integration, such as a line integral around a closed curve in the clockwise sense, and higher dimensional analogues. These are not implemented in [[TeX]] on Wikipedia either, although the template {{tl|intorient}} is available - see link for details.

====Arc notation <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\overarc</source>====

<source lang="latex" enclose="none">\overarc</source> is not yet implemented to display the arc notation. However, there exists a workaround: use <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\overset{\frown}{AB}</source>, which gives
<math>\overset{\frown}{AB}</math>

====Triple dot <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\dddot</source>====
<source lang="latex" enclose="none">\dddot</source> is not implemented. For a workaround use <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\overset{...}{x}</source>, which gives
<math>\overset{...}{x}</math>.

====Starred operatorname <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\operatorname*</source>====
The starred version of <code>\operatorname</code> is not currently supported. A workaround for
<source lang="latex">\operatorname*{median}_{j\,\ne\,i} X_{i,j}</source> 
is
<source lang="latex">\operatorname{\underset{\mathit{j\,\ne\,i}}{median}} X_{i,j}</source>

===Syntax to avoid===

The texvc processor accepts some non-standard syntax. These should be avoided as the MathJax based renderers do not support these syntax.

====Percentages====
Texvc accepts <source lang="latex" enclose="none">%</source> for representing percentages. This causes an error with MathJax and should be replaced with <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\%</source> in all renderers.

====\textrm====
In texvc spaces need to be represented inside the \textrm environment using <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\,</source> <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\</source> and normal spaces are ignored i.e. <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\textrm{A\,B C}</source> would render as {{math|A BC}}. In mathjax \textrm is an alias for \text which is renders its argument as normal text, hence  <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\textrm{A\,B C}</source> renders as {{math|A\,B C}}. To ensure compatibility between versions alway use the \text environment: <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\text{A B C}</source>.

====Unicode characters====

Non-ASCII Unicode characters like {{pi}} work in MathML, and MathJax but not in texvc so should be avoided.

==Chemistry==
<!-- this is linked from [[Template:Xtag]] -->{{shortcut|WP:MATHCHEM}}
There are three ways to render chemical sum formulae as used in [[chemical equation]]s:
*{{xtag|chem|p}} (''more recommended for chemical equation than the alias {{xtag|ce|p}}'')
*{{xtag|math|p|params=chem}}
*{{tlx|chem}} and {{tlx|chem2}}

{{xtag|chem|p|content=X}} is short for <source lang="xml" inline><math chem>\ce{X}</math></source>
(where <code>X</code> is a chemical sum formula)

Technically, {{xtag|math|params=chem}} is a <code>math</code> tag with the extension <code>mhchem</code> enabled, according to the [http://mathjax.readthedocs.org/en/latest/tex.html#mhchem MathJax documentation].

Note, that the commands <code>\cee</code> and <code>\cf</code> are disabled, because they are marked as deprecated in the [http://www.ctan.org/pkg/mhchem mhchem LaTeX package documentation].

Please note that there are still [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140217 major issues] with mhchem support in MediaWiki. Some issue can be solved by enabling the extension using {{xtag|math|params=chem}} and formatting individual items with <code>\ce</code>. For example, {{markup2|m=<source lang="tex" inline><math chem>\ce{pIC_{50}} = -\log_{10} \ce{(IC_{50})}</math></source>|r=<math chem>\ce{pIC_{50}} = -\log_{10} \ce{(IC_{50})}</math>}}

===Molecular and condensed formula===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! mhchem !! {{tlx|chem}} !! {{tlx|chem2}} !! Equivalent HTML
|-
|style="vertical-align:bottom"|
{{markup
 |<nowiki><chem>H2O</chem></nowiki>|<chem>H2O</chem>
 |<nowiki><chem>Sb2O3</chem></nowiki>|<chem>Sb2O3</chem>
 |<nowiki><chem>(NH4)2S</chem></nowiki>|<chem>(NH4)2S</chem>
}}
|class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|
{{automarkup
 |{{((}}chem{{!}}H{{!}}2{{!}}O{{))}}
 |{{((}}chem{{!}}Sb{{!}}2{{!}}O{{!}}3{{))}}
 |{{((}}chem{{!}}({{((}}chem{{!}}N{{!}}H{{!}}4{{))}}){{!}}2{{!}}S{{))}}
}}
|class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|
{{automarkup
 |{{((}}chem2{{!}}H2O{{))}}
 |{{((}}chem2{{!}}Sb2O3{{))}}
 |{{((}}chem2{{!}}(NH4)2S{{))}}
}}
|class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|
{{automarkup
 |H<sub>2</sub>O
 |Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
 |(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>S
}}
|}

===Bonds===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! mhchem !! Equivalent {{tlx|chem}} and HTML !! {{tlx|chem2}}
|-
|style="vertical-align:bottom"|
{{markup
 |<nowiki><chem>C6H5-CHO</chem></nowiki>|<chem>C6H5-CHO</chem>
 |<nowiki><chem>A-B=C#D</chem></nowiki>|<chem>A-B=C#D</chem>
}}
|class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|
{{markup
 |<nowiki>{{chem|C|6|H|5}}-CHO
<br/>
C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-CHO</nowiki>
 |{{chem|C|6|H|5}}-{{chem|C|H|O}}
<br/>

C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-CHO

 |A-B{{=}}C≡D
 |N/A
}}
|class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|
{{markup
 |<nowiki>{{chem2|C6H5\sCHO}}</nowiki>
 |{{chem2|C6H5\sCHO}}
 |<nowiki>{{chem2|1=A\sB=C≡D}}</nowiki>
 |{{chem2|1=A\sB=C≡D}}
}}
|}

===Charges===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! mhchem !! {{tlx|chem}} !! Equivalent HTML
|-
|style="vertical-align:bottom"|
{{markup
 |<nowiki><chem>H+</chem></nowiki>|<chem>H+</chem>
 |<nowiki><chem>NO3-</chem></nowiki>|<chem>NO3-</chem>
 |<nowiki><chem>CrO4^2-</chem></nowiki>|<chem>CrO4^2-</chem>
 |<nowiki><chem>AgCl2-</chem></nowiki>|<chem>AgCl2-</chem>
 |<nowiki><chem>[AgCl2]-</chem></nowiki>|<chem>[AgCl2]-</chem>
 |<nowiki><chem>Y^99+</chem></nowiki>
<nowiki><chem>Y^{99+}</chem></nowiki>|<chem>Y^99+</chem><br/><chem>Y^{99+}</chem>
}}
|class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|
{{automarkup
 |{{((}}chem{{!}}H{{!}}+{{))}}
 |{{((}}chem{{!}}N{{!}}O{{!}}3{{!}}-{{))}}
 |{{((}}chem{{!}}Cr{{!}}O{{!}}4{{!}}2-{{))}}
 |{{((}}chem{{!}}Ag{{!}}Cl{{!}}2{{!}}-{{))}}
 |{{((}}chem{{!}}[{{((}}chem{{!}}Ag{{!}}Cl{{!}}2{{))}}]{{!}}-{{))}}
 |{{((}}chem{{!}}Y{{!}}99+{{))}}
}}
|class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|
{{automarkup
|H<sup>+</sup>|NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>|CrO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>|AgCl<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>|[AgCl<sub>2</sub>]<sup>−</sup>|Y<sup>99+</sup>}}
|}

===Addition compounds and stoichiometric numbers===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! mhchem !! {{tlx|chem}} !! {{tlx|chem2}}
|-
|style="vertical-align:middle"|
{{markup|style=vertical-align:middle
 |<nowiki><chem>MgSO4.7H2O</chem></nowiki>|<chem>MgSO4.7H2O</chem>
 |<nowiki><chem>KCr(SO4)2*12H2O</chem></nowiki>|<chem>KCr(SO4)2*12H2O</chem>
 |<nowiki><chem>CaSO4.1/2H2O + 1\!1/2 H2O -> CaSO4.2H2O</chem></nowiki>|<chem>CaSO4.1/2H2O + 1\!1/2 H2O -> CaSO4.2H2O</chem>
 |<nowiki><chem>25/2 O2 + C8H18 -> 8 CO2 + 9 H2O</chem></nowiki>|<chem>25/2 O2 + C8H18 -> 8 CO2 + 9 H2O</chem>
}}
|class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|
{{markup|style=vertical-align:middle
 |<source lang="html" inline>{{chem|Mg|S|O|4}}&middot;7{{chem|H|2|O}}</source>
 |{{chem|Mg|S|O|4}}&middot;7{{chem|H|2|O}}
 |<source lang="html" inline>{{chem|K|Cr|({{chem|S|O|4}})|2}}&middot;12{{chem|H|2|O}}</source>
 |{{chem|K|Cr|({{chem|S|O|4}})|2}}&middot;12{{chem|H|2|O}}
 |<source lang="html" inline>{{chem|Ca|S|O|4}}&middot;&frac12;{{chem|H|2|O}} + 1&frac12;{{chem|H|2|O}} → {{chem|Ca|S|O|4}}&middot;2{{chem|H|2|O}}</source>
 |{{chem|Ca|S|O|4}}&middot;&frac12;{{chem|H|2|O}} + 1&frac12;{{chem|H|2|O}} → {{chem|Ca|S|O|4}}&middot;2{{chem|H|2|O}}
 |<source lang="html" inline>{{frac|25|2}}{{chem|O|2}} + {{chem|C|8|H|18}} → 8{{chem|C|O|2}} + 9{{chem|H|2|O}}</source>
 |{{frac|25|2}}{{chem|O|2}} + {{chem|C|8|H|18}} → 8{{chem|C|O|2}} + 9{{chem|H|2|O}}
}}
|class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|
{{markup|style=vertical-align:middle
 |<nowiki>{{chem2|MgSO4*7H2O}}</nowiki>|{{chem2|MgSO4*7H2O}}
 |<nowiki>{{chem2|KCr(SO4)2*12H2O}}</nowiki>|{{chem2|KCr(SO4)2*12H2O}}
 |<nowiki>{{chem2|2CaSO4*H2O + 3H2O -> 2CaSO4*2H2O}}</nowiki>|{{chem2|2CaSO4*H2O + 3H2O -> 2CaSO4*2H2O}}
 |<nowiki>{{chem2|25 O2 + 2 C8H18 -> 16 CO2 + 18 H2O}}</nowiki>|{{chem2|25 O2 + 2 C8H18 -> 16 CO2 + 18 H2O}}
}}
|}

===Wiki linking===
{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! {{tlx|chem}}
|{{markupv|width=100%|style="vertical-align:middle"
 |m=<nowiki>25 {{chem|link=oxygen|O|2}} + 2 {{chem|link=octane|C|8|H|18}} → 16 {{chem|link=Carbon dioxide|C|O|2}} + 9 {{chem|link=water|H|2|O}}</nowiki>
 |r=25 {{chem|link=oxygen|O|2}} + 2 {{chem|link=octane|C|8|H|18}} → 16 {{chem|link=Carbon dioxide|C|O|2}} + 9 {{chem|link=water|H|2|O}}
}}
|-
! {{tlx|chem2}}
|{{markupv|width=100%|style="vertical-align:middle"
 |m=<nowiki>{{chem2|25 [[oxygen|O2]] + 2 [[octane|C8H18]] -> 16 [[Carbon dioxide|CO2]] + 18 [[water|H2O]]}}</nowiki>
 |r={{chem2|25 [[oxygen|O2]] + 2 [[octane|C8H18]] -> 16 [[Carbon dioxide|CO2]] + 18 [[water|H2O]]}}
}}
|}

===(Italic) Math===
{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! mhchem
|{{markupv|width=100%|style="vertical-align:middle"
 |m=<source lang="tex" inline><chem>{C_\mathit{x}H_\mathit{y}} + \mathit{z}O2 -> {\mathit{x}CO2} + \frac{\mathit{y}}{2}H2O</chem></source>
 |r=<chem>{C_\mathit{x}H_\mathit{y}} + \mathit{z}O2 -> {\mathit{x}CO2} + \frac{\mathit{y}}{2}H2O</chem>
}}
|-
! {{tlx|chem}}
|{{markupv|width=100%|style="vertical-align:middle"
 |m=<nowiki>{{chem|C|''x''|H|''y''}} + ''z''{{chem|O|2}} → ''x''{{chem|C|O|2}} + {{frac|''y''|2}}{{chem|H|2|O}}</nowiki>
 |r={{chem|C|''x''|H|''y''}} + ''z''{{chem|O|2}} → ''x''{{chem|C|O|2}} + {{frac|''y''|2}}{{chem|H|2|O}}
}}
|}

===Oxidation States===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! mhchem
|style="vertical-align:bottom"|
{{markupv
  |m=<nowiki><chem>Fe^{II}Fe^{III}2O4</chem></nowiki>
  |r=<chem>Fe^{II}Fe^{III}2O4</chem>}}
|-
! {{tlx|chem}} with {{tag|sup}}
|{{markupv
  |m=<nowiki>{{chem|Fe|<sup>II</sup>|Fe|<sup>III</sup>|2|O|4}}</nowiki>
  |r={{chem|Fe|<sup>II</sup>|Fe|<sup>III</sup>|2|O|4}}
}}
|}

===Greek characters===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! mhchem !! Equivalent {{tlx|chem}} and HTML
|-
|style="vertical-align:center;"|
{{markup|style=vertical-align:center
 |<source lang="tex" inline><chem>\mu-Cl</chem></source>|<chem>\mu-Cl</chem>
 |<source lang="tex" inline><chem>[Fe(\eta^5-C5H5)2]</chem></source>|<chem>[Fe(\eta^5-C5H5)2]</chem>
}}

|class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|
{{markup|style=vertical-align:center
 |<source lang="html" inline>''μ''-Cl</source>|''μ''-Cl
 |<source lang="html">[{{chem|Fe|(''η''<sup>5</sup>-{{chem|C|5|H|5}})|2}}]

<br/>

[Fe(''η''<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]</source>
 |[{{chem|Fe|(''η''<sup>5</sup>-{{chem|C|5|H|5}})|2}}]<br/>
[Fe(''η''<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]
}}
|}

===Isotopes===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! mhchem !! Equivalent {{tlx|chem}} and HTML
|-
|style="vertical-align:center;"|
{{markup|style=vertical-align:center
 |<source lang="tex" inline><chem>^{227}_{90}Th+</chem></source>|<chem>^{227}_{90}Th+</chem>
 |<source lang="tex" inline><chem>^0_{-1}n-</chem></source>|<chem>^0_{-1}n-</chem>
}}
|class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|
{{markup|style=vertical-align:center
 |<nowiki>{{chem|227|90|Th|+}}</nowiki>|{{chem|227|90|Th|+}}
 |<nowiki>{{chem|0|-1}}n<sup>−</sup></nowiki>|{{chem|0|-1}}n<sup>−</sup>
 }}
|}

===States===
States Subscripting is not IUPAC recommendation.
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! mhchem !! {{tlx|chem}}
|-
|style="vertical-align:bottom;"|
{{markup
 |<nowiki><chem>H2_{(aq)}</chem>
</nowiki>|<chem>H2_{(aq)}</chem>
 |<nowiki><chem>CO3^{2-}(aq)</chem>
</nowiki>|<chem>CO3^{2-}(aq)</chem>
}}
|class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|
{{automarkup
 |{{((}}chem{{!}}H{{!}}2(aq){{))}} |{{((}}chem{{!}}C{{!}}O{{!}}3{{!}}2-{{))}}(aq)
}}
|}

===[[Precipitate]]===
{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! mhchem
|{{markupv|width=100%|style="vertical-align:middle"
 |m=<nowiki><chem>Ba^2+ + SO4^{2-} -> BaSO4 v</chem></nowiki>|r=<chem>Ba^2+ + SO4^{2-} -> BaSO4 v</chem>}}
|-
! {{tlx|chem}}
|{{markupv|width=100%|style="vertical-align:middle"
 |m=<nowiki>{{chem|Ba|2+}} + {{chem|S|O|4|2-}} → {{chem|Ba|S|O|4}}→</nowiki>
 |r={{chem|Ba|2+}} + {{chem|S|O|4|2-}} → {{chem|Ba|S|O|4}}↓
}}
|-
! {{tlx|chem2}}
|{{markupv|width=100%|style="vertical-align:middle"
 |m=<nowiki>{{chem2|Ba(2+) + SO4(2-) -> BaSO4↓}}</nowiki>
 |r={{chem2|Ba(2+) + SO4(2-) -> BaSO4↓}}
}}
|-
! Equivalent HTML
|{{markupv|width=100%|style="vertical-align:middle"
 |m=<source lang="html" inline>Ba<sup>2+</sup> + SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> &rarr; BaSO<sub>4</sub>&darr;</source>
 |r=Ba<sup>2+</sup> + SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> &rarr; BaSO<sub>4</sub>&darr;
}}
|}

===Reaction arrows===
{{markup|style=vertical-align:middle
|<nowiki><chem>A ->B</chem></nowiki>
|<chem>A -> B</chem>
|<nowiki><chem>A <- B</chem></nowiki>
|<chem>A <- B</chem>
|<nowiki><chem>A <=> B</chem></nowiki>
|<chem>A <=> B</chem>
|<nowiki><chem>A <=>> B</chem></nowiki>
|<chem>A <=>> B</chem>
|<nowiki><chem>A <<=> B</chem></nowiki>
|<chem>A <<=> B</chem>
|<source lang="latex" inline><chem>A ->[{}\atop x] B</chem></source>
|<chem>A ->[{}\atop x] B</chem>
|<source lang="latex" inline><chem>A ->[\text{text above}][\text{text below}] B</chem></source>
|<chem>A ->[\text{text above}][\text{text below}] B</chem>
|<source lang="latex" inline><chem>A ->[{}\atop\ce{+H2O}] B</chem></source>
|<chem>A ->[{}\atop\ce{+H2O}] B</chem>
}}
==== Comparison of arrow symbols ====
{{markup
|<nowiki><math>\rightarrow</math></nowiki>|<math>\rightarrow</math>
|<nowiki><math>\rightleftarrows</math></nowiki>|<math>\rightleftarrows</math>
|<nowiki><math>\rightleftharpoons</math></nowiki>|<math>\rightleftharpoons</math>
|<nowiki><math>\leftrightarrow</math></nowiki>|<math>\leftrightarrow</math>
|<nowiki><math>\longrightarrow</math>
<chem>-></chem></nowiki>|<math>\longrightarrow</math><br/><chem>-></chem>
|<nowiki><chem><=></chem></nowiki>|<chem><=></chem>
|<nowiki><math>\longleftrightarrow</math>
<chem><-></chem></nowiki>|<math>\longleftrightarrow</math><br/><chem><-></chem>
}}

===Further examples using ordinary LaTeX tags===
<source lang="latex">
<math chem>\begin{align}
\overbrace{\ce{2Fe3O4}}^{\text{magnetite}} + \ce{1/2 O2 ->}\ &{\color{Brown}\overbrace{\ce{3(\lambda{-}Fe2O3)}}^{\text{maghemite}}}\\
\underbrace{\ce{2Fe3O4}}_{\text{magnetite}} + \ce{1/2 O2 ->}\ &{\color{Red}\underbrace{\ce{3(\alpha{-}Fe2O3)}}_{\text{hematite}}}
\end{align}</math>

</source>
:<math chem>\begin{align}
\overbrace{\ce{2Fe3O4}}^{\text{magnetite}} + \ce{1/2 O2 ->}\ &{\color{Brown}\overbrace{\ce{3(\lambda{-}Fe2O3)}}^{\text{maghemite}}}\\
\underbrace{\ce{2Fe3O4}}_{\text{magnetite}} + \ce{1/2 O2 ->}\ &{\color{BrickRed}\underbrace{\ce{3(\alpha{-}Fe2O3)}}_{\text{hematite}}}
\end{align}</math>
To align the equations or color them, use {{xtag|math chem}} and {{code|\ce}}.
{{-}}

==Commutative diagrams==
[[File:First isomorphism theorem (plain).svg|thumb|A sample commutative diagram, created in the manner described]]
To make a [[commutative diagram]], there are three steps:

# write the diagram in [[TeX]]
# [[#Convert to SVG|convert to SVG]]
# [[commons:Commons:First steps/Upload form|upload the file]] to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]]

===Diagrams in TeX===

[http://www.tug.org/applications/Xy-pic/ Xy-pic] ([http://tex.loria.fr/graph-pack/doc-xypic/xyguide-html/xyguide-html.html online manual]) is the most powerful and general-purpose diagram package in [[TeX]]. Diagrams created using it can be found at [[commons:Category:Xy-pic diagrams|Commons: Category:Xy-pic diagrams]].

Simpler packages include:

*[[American Mathematical Society|AMS's]] [http://www.dante.de/CTAN//help/Catalogue/entries/amscd.html amscd]
*Paul Taylor's [http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/generic/diagrams/taylor/ diagrams]
*François Borceux [http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/entries/borceux.html Diagrams]

The following is a template for Xy-pic, together with a [[hack (technology)|hack]] to increase the [[margin (typography)|margins]] in [[dvips]], so that the diagram is not truncated by over-eager cropping
(suggested in [[TUGboat]]: [http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb17-3/tb52rahtz.pdf TUGboat, Volume 17 1996, No. 3]):
<source lang=latex>
\documentclass{amsart}
\usepackage[all, ps, dvips]{xy}  % Loading the XY-Pic package
                                 % Using postscript driver for smoother curves
\usepackage{color}  % For invisible frame
\begin{document}
\thispagestyle{empty}  % No page numbers
\SelectTips{eu}{}  % Euler arrowheads (tips)
\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}  % Frame box margin
{\color{white}\framebox{{\color{black}$$  % Frame for margin

\xymatrix{
%%% Diagram goes here %%%
}

$$}}} % end math, end frame
\end{document}
</source>

===Convert to SVG===

Once you have produced your diagram in LaTeX (or TeX), you can convert it to an SVG file using the following sequence of commands:

<source lang=bash>
pdflatex file.tex
pdfcrop --clip file.pdf tmp.pdf
pdf2svg tmp.pdf file.svg
rm tmp.pdf
</source>

The [http://pdfcrop.sourceforge.net pdfcrop] and [http://www.cityinthesky.co.uk/opensource/pdf2svg pdf2svg] utilities are needed for this procedure. You can alternatively use [http://www.pdftron.com/pdf2svg/ pdf2svg] from PDFTron for the last step.

If you do not have [[pdfTeX]] (which is unlikely) you can use the following commands to replace the first step (TeX → PDF):
<source lang=bash>
latex file.tex
dvipdfm file.dvi
</source>

In general, you will not be able to get anywhere with diagrams without TeX and Ghostscript, and the <source lang="latex" enclose="none">inkscape</source> program is a useful tool for creating or modifying your diagrams by hand. There is also a utility <source lang="latex" enclose="none">pstoedit</source> which supports direct conversion from Postscript files to many vector graphics formats, but it requires a non-free plugin to convert to SVG, and regardless of the format, [[User:Ryan Reich|this editor]] has not been successful in using it to convert diagrams with diagonal arrows from TeX-created files.

These programs are:

*a working TeX distribution, such as [[TeX Live]]
*[[Ghostscript]]
*[[pstoedit]]
*[[Inkscape]]

===Upload the file===
{{See also|commons:Commons:First steps/Upload form}}
{{See also|Help:Contents/Images and media}}

As the diagram is your own work, upload it to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]], so that all projects (notably, all languages) can use it without having to copy it to their language's Wiki. (If you've previously uploaded a file to somewhere other than Commons, to Commons.)

; Check size: Before uploading, check that the default size of the image is neither too large nor too small by opening in an [[SVG#Support in applications|SVG application]] and viewing at default size (100% scaling), otherwise adjust the <code>-y</code> option to <code>dvips</code>.
; Name: Make sure the file has a [[WP:Naming conventions|meaningful name]].
; Upload: [[commons:Special:Userlogin|Login to Wikimedia Commons]], then <span class="plainlinks">[http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Upload&uselang=ownwork upload the file]</span>; for the '''Summary''', give a brief description.

Now go to the [[Help:Image page|image page]] and add a [[commons:Commons:First steps/Quality and description#Good file descriptions|description]], including the '''source code''', using this template:

<syntaxhighlight lang="xml+smarty">
{{Information
 |description =
     {{en|1= '''Description [[:en:Link to WP page|topic]]'''}}
 |source = {{own}}, created as per:
  [[:en:Help:Displaying a formula#Commutative diagrams]];
  source code below.
 |date = '''The Creation Date, like 1999-12-31'''
 |author = '''[[User:YourUserName|Your Real Name]]'''
 |permission = {{self|PD-self '''(or [[commons:Licensing#Well-known licenses|other license]])'''
     |author = '''[[User:YourUserName|Your Real Name]]'''}}
}}

==TeX source==

<source lang="latex">
 % TeX source here
</source>
 
[[Category:Commutative diagrams]]
[[Category:Xy-pic diagrams]]
[[Category:Images with LaTeX source code]]
</syntaxhighlight>

; Source code
:*Include the source code in the [[Help:Image page|image page]], in the {{mono|Source}} section of the <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[commons:Template:Information|Information]]}}</code> template, so that the diagram can be edited in future.
:*Include the complete <code>.tex</code> file, not just the fragment, so future editors do not need to reconstruct a compilable file.
:*You may optionally make the source code section collapsible, using the <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[commons:Template:cot|cot]]}}</code>/<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[commons:Template:cob|cob]]}}</code> templates.
:*(Don't include it in the Summary section, which is just supposed to be a summary.)
; License
: The most common license for commutative diagrams is <code>[[commons:Template:PD-self|PD-self]]</code>; some use <code>[[commons:Template:PD-self|PD-ineligible]]</code>, especially for simple diagrams, or other licenses. Please ''do not'' use the [http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html GFDL], as it requires the entire text of the GFDL to be attached to any document that uses the diagram.
; Description
: If possible, link to a Wikipedia page relevant to the diagram. (The <code>1=</code> is necessary if you use nest templates within the description, and harmless otherwise.)
; Category
: Include <code><nowiki>[[Category:Commutative diagrams]]</nowiki></code>, so that it appears in [[commons:Category:Commutative diagrams]]. There are also subcategories, which you may choose to use.
; Include image
: Now include the image on the original page via <code><nowiki>[[File:Diagram.svg]]</nowiki></code>

===Examples===

A sample conforming diagram is [[commons:File:PSU-PU.svg]].



==Examples of implemented TeX formulas==
===Quadratic polynomial===
{{markupv
|r=<math>ax^2 + bx + c = 0</math>
|m=<source lang="latex" inline><math>ax^2 + bx + c = 0</math></source>
}}
===Quadratic formula===
{{markupv
|r=<math>x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}</math>
|m=<source lang="latex" inline><math>x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}</math></source>
}}

===Tall parentheses and fractions===
{{markupv
|r=<math>2 = \left( \frac{\left(3-x\right) \times 2}{3-x} \right)</math>
|m=<source lang="latex" inline><math>2 = \left(
\frac{\left(3-x\right) \times 2}{3-x}
\right)</math></source>
}}
{{markupv
|r=<math>S_{\text{new}} = S_{\text{old}} - \frac{ \left( 5-T \right) ^2} {2}</math>
|m=<source lang="latex" inline>
<math>S_{\text{new}} = S_{\text{old}} - \frac{ \left( 5-T \right) ^2} {2}</math>
</source>
}}
===Integrals===
{{markupv
|r=<math>\int_a^x \!\!\!\int_a^s f(y)\,dy\,ds = \int_a^x f(y)(x-y)\,dy</math>
|m=<source lang="latex" inline><math>\int_a^x \!\!\!\int_a^s f(y)\,dy\,ds
= \int_a^x f(y)(x-y)\,dy</math></source>
}}
{{markupv
|r=<math>\int_e^{\infty}\frac 1{t(\ln t)^2}dt={\frac{-1}{\ln t}\,\Bigg\vert\,}_e^\infty=1</math>
|m=<source lang="latex" inline><math>\int_e^{\infty}\frac 1{t(\ln t)^2}dt={\frac{-1}{\ln t}\,\Bigg\vert\,}_e^\infty=1</math></source>
}}
===Matrices and determinants===
{{markupv
|r=<math>\det(\mathsf{A}-\lambda\mathsf{I}) = 0</math>
|m=<source lang="latex" inline><math>\det(\mathsf{A}-\lambda\mathsf{I}) = 0</math></source>
}}
===Summation===
{{markupv
|r=<math>\sum_{i=0}^{n-1} i</math>
|m=<source lang="latex" inline><math>\sum_{i=0}^{n-1} i</math></source>
}}
{{markupv
|r=<math>\sum_{m=1}^\infty\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{m^2\,n}{3^m\left(m\,3^n+n\,3^m\right)}</math>
|m=<source lang="latex" inline><math>\sum_{m=1}^\infty\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{m^2\,n}
{3^m\left(m\,3^n+n\,3^m\right)}</math></source>
}}
===Differential equation===
{{markupv
|r=<math>u'' + p(x)u' + q(x)u=f(x),\quad x>a</math>
|m=<source lang="latex" inline><math>u'' + p(x)u' + q(x)u=f(x),\quad x>a</math></source>
}}
===Complex numbers===
{{markupv
|r=<math>|\bar{z}| = |z|, |(\bar{z})^n| = |z|^n, \arg(z^n) = n \arg(z)</math>
|m=<source lang="latex"><math>|\bar{z}| = |z|,
|(\bar{z})^n| = |z|^n,
\arg(z^n) = n \arg(z)</math></source>
}}
===Limits===
{{markupv
|r=<math>\lim_{z\to z_0} f(z)=f(z_0)</math>
|m=<source lang="latex" inline><math>\lim_{z\to z_0} f(z)=f(z_0)</math></source>
}}
===Integral equation===
{{markupv
|r=<math>\phi_n(\kappa) =
\frac{1}{4\pi^2\kappa^2} \int_0^\infty
\frac{\sin(\kappa R)}{\kappa R}
\frac{\partial}{\partial R}
\left [ R^2\frac{\partial D_n(R)}{\partial R} \right ] \,dR</math>
|m=<source lang="latex"><math>\phi_n(\kappa) =
\frac{1}{4\pi^2\kappa^2} \int_0^\infty
\frac{\sin(\kappa R)}{\kappa R}
\frac{\partial}{\partial R}
\left [ R^2\frac{\partial D_n(R)}{\partial R} \right ] \,dR</math></source>
}}
===Example===
{{markupv
|r=<math>\phi_n(\kappa) = 0.033C_n^2\kappa^{-11/3},\quad \frac{1}{L_0}\ll\kappa\ll\frac{1}{l_0}</math>
|m=<source lang="latex"><math>\phi_n(\kappa) =
0.033C_n^2\kappa^{-11/3},\quad
\frac{1}{L_0}\ll\kappa\ll\frac{1}{l_0}</math></source>
}}
===Continuation and cases===
{{markupv
|r=<math>f(x) = \begin{cases}1 & -1 \le x < 0 \\
\frac{1}{2} & x = 0 \\ 1 - x^2 & \text{otherwise}\end{cases}</math>
|m=<source lang="latex"><math>
f(x) =
\begin{cases}
1 & -1 \le x < 0 \\
\frac{1}{2} & x = 0 \\
1 - x^2 & \text{otherwise}
\end{cases}
</math></source>
}}
===Prefixed subscript===
{{markupv
|r=<math>{}_pF_q(a_1,\dots,a_p;c_1,\dots,c_q;z) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{(a_1)_n\cdots(a_p)_n}{(c_1)_n\cdots(c_q)_n}\frac{z^n}{n!}</math>
|m=<source lang="latex"> <math>{}_pF_q(a_1,\dots,a_p;c_1,\dots,c_q;z)
= \sum_{n=0}^\infty
\frac{(a_1)_n\cdots(a_p)_n}{(c_1)_n\cdots(c_q)_n}
\frac{z^n}{n!}</math></source>
}}
===Fraction and small fraction===
{{markupv
|r=<math>\frac{a}{b}\ \tfrac{a}{b}</math>
|m=<source lang="latex" inline><math>\frac{a}{b}\ \tfrac{a}{b}</math></source>
}}
===Area of a quadrilateral===
{{markupv
|r=<math>S=dD\,\sin\alpha</math>
|m=<source lang="latex" inline><math>S=dD\,\sin\alpha</math></source>
}}
===Volume of a sphere-stand===
{{markupv
|r=<math> V = \frac 16 \pi h \left [ 3 \left( r_1^2+r_2^2 \right) + h^2 \right ] </math>
|m=<source lang="latex" inline><math> V = \frac 16 \pi h \left [ 3 \left ( r_1^2 + r_2^2 \right ) + h^2 \right ] </math></source>
}}
===Multiple equations===
{{markupv
|r=<math>\begin{align}
u & = \tfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(x+y) \qquad & x &= \tfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(u+v)\\
v & = \tfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(x-y) \qquad & y &= \tfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(u-v)
\end{align}</math>
|m=<source lang="latex"><math>\begin{align}
u & = \tfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(x+y) \qquad & x &= \tfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(u+v) \\
v & = \tfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(x-y) \qquad & y &= \tfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(u-v)
\end{align}</math></source>
}}

==See also==

*[[WP:Manual of Style/Mathematics#Typesetting of mathematical formulae|Typesetting of mathematical formulae]]
*[[Help:Score]] (a tag for [[tablature]]s, "sheet music") and [[Help:Musical symbols]]
*[[Table of mathematical symbols]]
*[[WP:Rendering math]]
*[[mw:Extension:Blahtex]], or [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Mathematics/Archive 10#blahtex: a LaTeX to MathML converter|blahtex: a LaTeX to MathML converter for Wikipedia]]
*[[commons:Category:Images which should use TeX]]

==References==
===Footnotes===
{{Notelist}}
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikibooks|LaTeX}}
*[http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwilkins/LaTeXPrimer/ A LaTeX tutorial]
*[http://www.codecogs.com/latex/eqneditor.php LaTex online editor]
*{{Citation
|last= Doob
|first= Michael
|title= A Gentle Introduction to TeX: A Manual for Self-study
|url= http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/gentle/gentle.pdf
|doi= }}. A paper introducing TeX — see page 39 onwards for a good introduction to the maths side of things.
*{{Citation
|last= Oetiker
|first= Tobias
|last2= Partl
|first2= Hubert
|last3= Hyna
|first3= Irene
|last4= Schlegl
|first4= Elisabeth
|title= The Not So Short Introduction to LaTeX 2<sub>&epsilon;</sub>
|date= December 13, 2009
|edition= 4.27
|url= http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/lshort/english/lshort.pdf
|doi= }}. A paper introducing LaTeX — skip to page 49 for the math section. See page 63 for a complete reference list of symbols included in LaTeX and AMS-LaTeX.
*[http://tug.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/symbols-letter.pdf The Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List]—symbols not found here may be documented there.
*[http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/symbols-a4.pdf Long list of many symbols]
*[http://amath.colorado.edu/documentation/LaTeX/Symbols.pdf short list of common symbols]
*[http://milde.users.sourceforge.net/LUCR/Math/mathpackages/esint-symbols.pdf The esint package for closed double integrals]
*[http://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/esint/esint.pdf The esint package for closed double integrals]
*cancel package [http://www.ctan.org/pkg/cancel homepage] and [http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/cancel/cancel.pdf PDF documentation]
*[http://www.ams.org/tex/amslatex.html AMS-LaTeX guide].
*[http://us.metamath.org/symbols/symbols.html A set of public domain fixed-size math symbol bitmaps].
*[http://milde.users.sourceforge.net/LUCR/Math/unimathsymbols.xhtml List of mathematical symbols with their Unicode characters and their LaTeX commands]
*[[MathML]]: A product of the [[W3C]] [http://www.w3.org/Math/ Math working group], is a low-level specification for describing mathematics as a basis for machine-to-machine communication

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